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 educated at the High School of the Madras University : chiefly excelled in mathematics and science : took his Proficient's Degree in 1846. After serving in some minor offices, he was soon transferred to Travancore as tutor to Rama Varma (q.v.); after serving the State in various capacities he became Diwan, at the early age of 30, and introduced important fiscal reforms : K.C.S.I. in 1865, and Fellow of the Madras University, but, in 1872, in consequence of misunderstandings with the Maharaja, he resigned the post of Diwan and retired on a handsome pension : was offered a seat in the Governor-General's Legislative Council, which he declined. In 1873 he was appointed as Diwan to Maharaja Holkar of Indore, where he did good work until, in 1875, he was appointed Diwan-Regent of Baroda, after the deposition of the Maharaja : he re-modelled the whole administration, and adopted many useful changes : was at Baroda when H.R.H. the Prince of Wales visited India. In 1877 he attended the Delhi darbar with his ward, and was made a Raja : resigned his position in the Baroda State in 1882, receiving a handsome honorarium in lieu of pension. Until his death, he lived in retirement in Madras, but continued to take great interest in political and social questions : in 1888 he was again offered a seat in the Governor-General's Legislative Council, but declined on the score of old age and ill-health : in 1889 he published a pamphlet entitled Hints on the Training of Native Children : died April 4, 1891.

RAO, RAGHOBA, OR RAGHUNATH (circa '1772)

Peshwa, son of Baji Rao I, Peshwa, and father of Baji Rao II (q.v.), the last Peshwa : was Commander of the Mahratta Army and fought with the Afghans near Delhi, but was defeated. On the death of his nephew, Madho Rao, the Peshwa, in 1772, Raghoba was implicated in the murder of Narayan Rao, brother of Mahdo, and became sixth Peshwa at Poona : by a revolution, he lost his capital and applied to Bombay for help. In 1775 the Bombay Government made a treaty at Surat with him, under which he ceded Bassein and Salsette. Intrigues ensued among the Mahratta chiefs for his restoration at Poona, but fell through : eventually Raghoba's claim to be Peshwa was set aside by the treaty of salbai, and the recognition of Narayan's infant son as Peshwa : and he was pensioned.

RAO, TANDALAM GOPAL (1832–1886)

A Mahratta Brahman of Tanjore District : received a good education from his father in Mahratti and Sanskrit, but in Enghsh was self-taught. After serving in the Tanjore District, he became, in 1854, First Assistant in the Provincial School at Kombakonam : B.A. at Madras in 1859. The rest of his life was spent in the Education Department, and for the greater portion of it he was connected with the Kombakonam College under Mr. Porter : chiefly in the teaching of mathematics and English. In 1870–2 he acted as Inspector of Schools : was Fellow of the Madras University. From 1872 to 1874 he was in sole charge of Kombakonam College. In 1878 he was Professor of History and Political Economy in the Presidency College, and was made Rai Bahadur. In 1883 he had a severe illness, never really recovering, though he continued his work as Professor for two years : died May 11, 1886.

RATTIGAN, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1842–1904)

Born Sep. 4, 1842, at Delhi : educated at the High School, Agra, and King's College, London : LL.D. of Gottingen, and Hony. LL.D. of Glasgow and Panjab Universities : was in Govt, service as an Extra Assistant Commissioner : called to the English bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1873 : practised at Lahore : four times acted as Judge of the Panjab Chief Court : was in the Governor- General's Legislative Council 1892–3 : in the Panjab Legislative Council, 1898–9, Vice-chancellor of the Panjab University : promoted the foundation of the Khalsa College of the Sikhs : left India in 1900 : M.P. for East Lanarkshire, 1901–4 : knighted in 1895 : Q.C. in 1897 : wrote many law books : was killed in a motor-car accident, July 4, 1904.

RATTRAY, THOMAS (1820–1880)

Colonel : entered the Army in 1839 : served under General Pollock in the Khyber in 1842, and was severely wounded : under Sir C. Napier in Sind against the hill tribes : in 1856 he raised and organized a body of Sikhs, included in the Army as