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  and Lord Lytton's policy in India : died April 19, 1889.

OSBORNE, JOHN WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY (1833–1881)

Born 1833 : son of Maj-General Willoughby Osborne : entered the Madras Army, 1850 : Lt-Colonel, 1871 : served through the Indian mutiny : wounded in action : C.B. : Honorary A.D.C. to the Viceroy, 1860 : Political Resident at Gwalior, 1880 : died Oct. 8, 1881.

O'SHAUGHNESSY, SIR WILLIAM BROOKE (1809–1889)

Son of David O'Shaughnessy : born at Limerick in 1809 : educated at Edinburgh University : M.D., 1830 : went to Bengal in the E. I. Co.'s Medical Service, 1833 : Surgeon-Major, 1861 : Professor of Chemistry at the Medical College, Calcutta : appointed Director-General of Telegraphs in India, 1853 : rapidly laid down lines to Agra, Bombay, Madras, Peshawar : in the mutiny. Sir John Lawrence said : "The telegraph saved India" : knighted in 1856 : retired, 1860 : Lord Canning, in a minute on his departure, referred to his ability and energy in extending and maintaining the gigantic work of the Indian telegraphs, with which his name is associated, and recorded a high appreciation of his services : F.R.S., 1843 : assumed the name of Brooke : wrote books on chemistry and medicine : died Jan. 10, 1889. O'SULLIVAN, J. W. ( ? –1877?)

Said to have gone to India as a private in the Royal Artillery, and to have fought in the engagements of the second Sikh war, 1848–9 : kept a private day-school in Calcutta : was a journalist in Calcutta from about 1862 : wrote for the Mofussilite and other up-country journals : was special correspondent to the Times of India : acquired a facility in dealing with some of the more intricate questions of Indian policy : said to have secured the confidence of the Governor-General and other high officers of the time : edited the Weekly Indian Statesman at Bombay about 1874–6 : died about 1877.

OSWELL, WILLIAM COTTON (1818–1893)

I.C.S. : born April 27, 1818 : son of William Oswell : educated at Rugby and Haileybury : went in 1837 to Madras, where, during his 10 years, he made a name as a linguist and an expert catcher of elephants : spent some years in S. Africa in sport and exploration, partly with Livingstone, in the discovery of Lake Ngami, 1849, and the Zambesi, 1851 : did service in the Crimea as a volunteer : wrote on "South Africa Fifty Years ago," in Big Game Shooting : died May 1, 1893.

OTTLEY, SIR JOHN WALTER (1841–)

Born July 22, 1841 : son of Major Thomas Henry Ottley : educated at Lancaster, privately, and at Woolwich : entered R.E., 1864, and became Colonel, 1895 : Inspr-General of Irrigation in India : served as Engineer-in-Chief in Tirah expedition, 1897–8 : President Royal Indian Engineering College, Cooper's Hill, since 1899 : C.I.E., 1892 : K.C.I.E., 1904.

OUDH, SHUJA-UD-DAULA, NAWAB WAZIR OF (1731–1776)

Born 1731 : son of the Nawab-Wazir, Safdar Jang, whom he succeeded in 1753 : was present at the battle of Panipat, 1761, in which the Afghan invader, Ahmed Shah Abdah, and the Rohillas defeated the Mahrattas : was made Wazir to the Emperor Shah Alam : he was defeated at Baxar, Oct. 23, 1764, by the English under Major Hector Munro : fled to Delhi : was defeated again and surrendered to the English : Clive restored Oudh to him, 1765, and made him an ally. Warren Hastings made the treaty of Benares with him, 1773 : sending English troops, paid for by the Nawab, against the Rohillas, and ceding districts to the Nawab, on payment : he died at Faizabad, Jan. 29, 1775.

OUSELEY, SIR GORE, BARONET (1770–1844)

Son of Capt. Ralph Ouseley : born June 24, 1770 : went out to India in 1788, in commerce : entered the service of Saadat Ali, the Nawab Wazir of Oudh : became his A.D.C. : returned to England in 1805 : Baronet in 1808 : Ambassador Extraordinary to Persia, 1810 : made the Perso-English treaty of 1812 : mediated between Russia and Persia, 1813 : Privy Councillor, 1820 : G.C.H., 1831 : died<section end="Ouseley, Sir Gore, Baronet" />