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  at Lyons : enlisted in French Army : went out as a trooper in Lally's bodyguard to India, 1758 : to avoid Lally's severity, he deserted with the bodyguard at Pondicherry, 1761, to the British, for whom he raised a French company of cavalry : sent up to Bengal : Captain : employed in survey in N.E. Bengal, and in Oudh : joined, with permission, the service of the Nawab Wazir of Oudh as Superintendent of his artillery and arsenal : gained great influence and accumulated large wealth : still an officer in the E.L Co.'s service, he rose to be Maj-General in 1796 : built at Lucknow a very large castellated residence for himself, which he called Constantia : he directed in his will that it should never be sold, but should serve as a college for educating children in the English religion and language : in this building, now called "LaMartiniere," he was himself buried, as he directed : he left 33 lakhs of rupees, and bequeathed large sums, the interest thereof to be distributed to the poor of Lucknow, Calcutta, Chandernagore and Lyons : and largely endowed the Martiniere College at Calcutta, which was constructed, 1833–5, from his legacy for the purpose : he died at Lucknow, Sep. 13, 1800.

MARTIN, CUNLIFFE (1834–)

Colonel : son of Sir James Ranald Martin, C.B. (q.v.) : educated at Cheltenham : entered the Indian Army, 1852 : served in the suppression of the Sonthal rebellion, 1855 : in the Indian mutiny, 1857–8 : severely wounded in Abyssinia as A.D.C. to Sir Donald Stewart (q.v.), 1868 : in Afghan war, 1880, commanded the Central India Horse : in the march from Kabul to Kandahar and battle of Kandahar : C.B., 1881 : retired.

MARTIN, SIR JAMES RANALD (1793–1874)

Son of Rev. Donald Martin" : born 1793 : educated at the Royal Academy of Inverness, and St. George's Hospital : joined the Medical Department of the E. I. Co.'s Bengal Army, 1818 : served in the first Burmese war : Presidency Surgeon, 1830 : Surgeon to the Calcutta General Hospital : wrote Notes on the Medical Topography of Calcutta, on the Draining of the Salt-water Lake : F.R.C.S., 1843 : F.R.S., 1845 : Inspr-General of Army Hospitals : collaborated in a work On the Influence of Tropical Climates on European Constitutions and A Brief Topographical and Historical Notice of Calcutta : C.B., in 1860 : knighted, 1860 : he was appointed President of the India Office Medical Board, 1859 : died Nov. 27, 1874.

MARTIN, ROBERT MONTGOMERY (1803?–1868)

Born about 1803 : went to Ceylon, 1820 : travelled as assistant surgeon, botanist, and naturalist, and was in India, 1828–30 : published The History of the British Colonies, 1834 : the History of the Antiquities of Eastern India, 1838 : Member of the Court of Directors of the E, I. Co. : witness before a Commission on the East Indian trade, 1840 : Treasurer of Hongkong, 1844–5 : resigned : on a mission to Jamaica, 1851 : was one of the first members of the East India Association, 1866 : died Sep. 6, 1868 : brought out The Marquis of Wellesley's Despatches, 1836; The Monetary System of British India, 1841; The Indian Empire, 1857; The Rise and Progress of the Indian Mutiny, 1859 : and other works on the Colonies and commercial questions.

MARTINDALE, SIR ARTHUR HENRY TEMPLE (1854–)

I.C.S. : born March 13, 1854 : son of Colonel Benjamin Martindale, C.B. : educated at Cheltenham : joined the Indian Civil Service in Madras, 1875 : served in the Foreign Department of the Government of India, and held various political appointments : has been A.G.G. for Rajputana since 1898 : C.S.I., 1900 : K.C.S.I., 1904.

MARTINDELL, SIR GABRIEL (1756?–1831)

Born about 1756 : Cadet in "the Select Picket" corps, 1772 : Ensign in the Bengal N.I., 1776 : in the Mahratta war of 1804–5 : commanded the troops in Bundelkund, 1809, 1812 : captured the fort of Kalinjar, 1812 : Maj-General, 1813 : commanded a Division in the Nipal war, 1814–5 : K.C.B., 1815 : held a command in the Pindari war : and in Cuttack, 1818 : Lt-General : commanded a Division at Cawnpur, 1820 : died at Baxar, Jan. 2, 1831.

MARTYN, REV. HENRY (1781–1812)

Son of John Martyn, a miner : born near Truro and educated at the grammar school