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 Cannes Feb. 3, 1888. He had declined the Chief Justiceship of Bengal, the Permanent Under Secretaryship of State for the Home Department, the Chief Clerkship of the House of Commons, and other appointments : was F.R.S., and had many honorary distinctions : one of the first to apply the historical method to the study of the philosophy of institutions : wrote other articles on legal and Indian subjects.

MAITLAND, SIR FREDERICK LEWIS (1777–1839)

Born Sep. 7, 1777 : son of Capt. Frederick Lewis Maitland, R.N. : served at sea, in European waters, in Egypt, 1801, and on American and West Indian stations, 1813–14 : when commanding the Belief ephon, conveyed Napoleon in July, 1815, to England : C.B., 1815 : K.C.B. and Rear-Admiral, 1830 : Naval C. in C. in the E. Indies and China in 1832 : in 1837 in the Afghan war, took Karachi and protected the landing of the troops : in the disturbances at Bushire brought away the Resident and Staff : died on his ship at sea, near Bombay, Nov. 30, 1839 : a monument was erected to him in Bombay cathedral.

MAITLAND, SIR PEREGRINE (1777–1854)

Son of Thomas Maitland : born 1777 : joined the Guards, 1792 : served in Flanders, Spain, at Walcheren : Maj-General : C.B., 1815 : commanded a Brigade at Waterloo : K.C.B. : Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, 1818–28, and of Nova Scotia, 1828–34 : Lt-General, 1830 : C. in C. of the Madras Army, Oct. 1836, to Dec. 1838 : C. in C. at the Cape, 1844–7 : General, 1846 : G.C.B., 1852 : Colonel of the 17th regt. : died May 30, 1854.

MAITLAND, RICHARD (1714?–1763)

Born about 1714 : enlisted in the Royal Artillery, 1732 : obtained a Commission : Captain in 1755 : to India in 1755 : fought under Clive at the capture of Gheria, the pirate Angria's stronghold, 1756: was in command of the expedition sent with Watson's ships, to the capture of Surat, effected in March, 1759 : Major, 1762 : died at Bombay, Feb. 21, 1763.

MALABARI, BEHRAMJI MERWANJI (1863–)

A Parsi by birth : educated at Surat : taught in the Parsi Proprietary School : after a hard struggle in early life, he became a journalist : author of poems, in 1875, and social reformer : in 1880 he purchased the Indian Spectator and was editor for more than 20 years : it is now merged in The Voice of India : he was mainly instrumental in procuring the passing of "The Age of Consent Act" and removing restrictions against the remarriage of widows : author of a translation of Max Muller's Origin and Growth of Religion, 1882; Gujarat and the Gujaratis, 1884; The Indian Eye on English Life, 1893; The Indian Problem, 1894 : has edited East and West since Nov. 1901.

MALAN, REV. CESAR JEAN SALOMON (1812–1894)

Born April 12, 1812 : son of Dr. Cesar Henri Abraham Malan : educated at Vandoeuvres : took early to the study of languages : was at St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, 1833–7 : Boden Sanskrit Scholar, 1834 : Pusey and Ellerton Scholar, 1837 : in 1838 became classical lecturer at Bishop's College, Calcutta : ordained, 1838 : Secretary to the Asiatic Society of Bengal : studied Indian languages : left India, 1840 : became member of Balliol College, Oxford, 1843 : was Rector of Broadwindsor, 1845–85 : travelled in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Armenia, 1849–50, going to Nineveh with Sir A. H. Layard, and in 1872 to the Crimea, Georgia, Armenia : D.D. of Edinburgh, 1880 : gave many of his books to the Indian Institute at Oxford : was a great Oriental scholar, and a voluminous writer on linguistic subjects; an accomplished artist, and an ardent lover of Natural History : nearly all his publications dealt with the Scriptures and ecclesiastical subjects, e.g. Original Notes on the Book of Proverbs : he knew about 40 languages : he died Nov. 25, 1894.

MALCOLM, SIR GEORGE (1818–1897)

Born at Bombay, Sep. 10, 1818 : son of David Malcolm, and nephew of Sir John (q.v.) : entered the E. I. Co.'s Bombay Native Army, 1836 : in the Bombay Division of the Army of the Indus in the Afghan war, 1838–9 : at Ghazni and