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  College and Exeter College Oxford : Scholar : called to the bar at the Inner Temple, 1880 : served in the Bengal Educational Department, 1868–76 : joined the Political Department and appointed Press Commissioner with the Government of India, 1877–80 : M.P. for North Kensington, 1885 and 1886 : retired, 1892 : author of a History of India and several educational works for use in India : The Golden Book of India : edited the Calcutta Review, 1871–8 : Fellow of the Calcutta University : C.I.E., 1878 : K.B., 1885 : K.C.I.E., 1890 : D.L. : J. P.

LEUMANN, ERNST (1859–)

Born April 11, 1859 : son of Konrad Leumann, a Swiss country clergyman : educated at Frauenfeld, Switzerland : at Leipzig and Berlin, 1878–82 : Phil.D. at Leipzig, 1881, with the edition of a text belonging to the Jain canon : assisted Monier-Williams (q.v.), 1882–4 and 1886–9, in preparing the new edition of his Sanskrit-English dictionary, 1899 : Sanskrit Professor at Strasburg since 1884 : has devoted himself chiefly to researches concerning the Jain religion and the history of Sanskrit : has written books and papers on that religion, and on linguistic questions concerning Sanskrit : has procured, for the Strasburg Library, a good collection of Jain manuscripts.

LEVI, SYLVAIN (1863–)

Born March 28, 1863, at Paris : son of Louis Levi, merchant : studied at Paris : Doctor of Letters, 1890 : appointed Professor of Sanskrit at the "Ecole des Hautes Etudes," 1886, and at the College de France, 1894 : among his chief works are Le Theatre Indien, 1890 : La Doctrine du Sacrifice dans les Brahmanas, 1898 : Le Nepal, 1905, besides numerous articles in the Journal Asiatique, etc. : he went on a scientific mission to India and Japan, 1897–8 : co-operated in the Revue Critique, and in La Grande Encyclopedic : wrote the article on "India" in this latter work.

LEYDEN, JOHN (1775–1811)

Son of John Leyden : born Sep. 8, 1775, educated at Kirktown and Edinburgh University : studied languages and contributed to literary periodicals and produced independent works, besides collaborating with Sir Walter Scott : licensed as a preacher, 1798 : studied medicine, and became M.D. at St. Andrew's : went to Madras in 1803 : Assistant Surgeon : surveyed in, and reported on, Mysore : travelled to Penang : to Calcutta in 1806 : wrote on Oriental languages, became Professor of Hindustani at the College of Fort William, and Judge of the 24 Parganas, near Calcutta, and in 1809 Commissioner of the Court of Requests in Calcutta : Assay Master of the Mint, 1810 : to Java in 1811 with Lord Minto, as Malay interpreter : died of fever at Cornells, Aug. 28, 1811 : he translated Malay Annals into English, and the Commentaries of Baber : his early death was deplored by leading literati as a loss to Oriental learning and literature.

LIGHT, FRANCIS (1740–1794)

Born at Dallingho, Suffolk, Dec. 1740 : educated at Woodbridge Grammar School : entered the R.N. : becoming afterwards a trader at Junk, Ceylon : he later founded the settlement of Pulo Penang in the Straits Settlements, and was first Super-intendent there, his Commission being dated March 2, 1786. He took possession of the settlement as "Prince of Wales' Island," Aug. 11, 1786 : and administered it till his death in 1791. He destroyed a pirate fleet sent against the settlement by the Raja of Keddah : died, much regretted, at Penang, Oct. 21, 1794.

LILLY, WILLIAM SAMUEL (1840–)

I.C.S. : born July 10, 1840 : son of William Lilly : educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge : entered the Madras Civil Service, 1862 : Under Secretary to Madras Government, 1869 : retired, Oct. 1872 : has published many works connected with philosophy, politics and Catholicism, including India and its Problems, 1902; Christianity and Modern Civilization, 1903.

LINDSAY, SIR ALEXANDER (1785–1872)

Son of James Smyth Lindsay : born 1785 : Ensign in the 104th regt. at the age of 9 : educated at the R.M.A., Woolwich : joined the Bengal Artillery, 1804 : at the siege of Gohud, 1806 : in Bundel-kund, 1807–8 : in the Nipal campaign, 1814–16, severely wounded at Hariharpur :