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 at Foyle College, Londonderry, and Addiscombe: in 1822 joined the 2nd Bengal light cavalry: Adjutant, 1825–34: in the first Afghan war, 1838–42: at Ghazni, and in the pursuit of the Amir, Dost Muhammad: Political Assistant and Military Secretary to Sir W.H. Macnaghten (q. v.), from Sep. 1839: in charge of Dost Muhammad: in the outbreak in Nov. 1841, narrowly escaped, and again when Macnaghten was murdered on Dec. 23: had charge of the ladies and children in the retreat from Kabul: was one of the hostages made over to Akbar Khan in Jan. 1842, and imprisoned until the captives were all recovered in Sep. 1842: Assistant Political Agent in Peshawar, 1846: made prisoner by the Sikhs in the Panjab campaign, Oct. 1848: thrice released on parole: released after Gujarat: Deputy Commissioner of Peshawar: at the forcing of the Kohat Pass under Sir C. Napier, 1850: Political Agent in Mewar, 1850–7: A.G.G. for Rajputana, 1857–64: kept the States quiet in the Mutiny: C.B., 1860: Maj-General, 1861: resigned, 1864: K.C.S.I., 1866: Lt-General, 1867: died Nov. 16, 1884: wrote Forty-three Years in India, 1874.

LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)

Brother of Sir (q. v.) and of  (q. v.) and fourth son of Colonel Alexander Lawrence: born in Ceylon, June 28, 1806: educated at Foyle College, Derry, Bristol and Addiscombe: joined the Bengal Artillery, Feb. 1823: in the first Burma war, 1826: invalided home: joined the trigonometrical survey in Ireland: in the revenue survey, N.W.P., 1833–8: nearly fought a duel: in the first Afghan war, was under G. R. Clerk (q. v.), in charge of Firozpur, Assistant to the A.G.G., 1840: went with Pollock's Army of Retribution up to Kabul in Sep.-Oct.1842: Brevet-Major: settled Kythul: Resident in Nipal, 1843–6: wrote for the Calcutta Review and advocated asylums in the hills for children of European soldiers: in the first Sikh war, as A.G.G. for the Panjab: was at Sobraon: opposed to annexation: appointed Resident at Lahore, Jan. 1847: compelled the surrender of Kashmir to Golab Singh: K.C.B., 1848: at the siege of Multan, Jan. 1849, and at Chilian wala: appointed President of the Board of Administration of the Panjab, and A.G.G. in April, 1849, after its annexation: the Board broke up in 1853 and Lawrence was transferred to Rajputana as A.G.G: A.D.C. to Queen Victoria, 1854: Chief Commissioner and A.G.G. in Oudh from March 21, 1857: prepared, with great skill and foresight, for the defence of Lucknow in the mutiny, from May, 1857, after the engagement at Chinhut, on June, 30, limited the defence to the Residency: wounded during the siege on July 2: died on July 4: wrote for his own epitaph "Here lies Henry Lawrence, who tried to do his duty." He had been meanwhile, in England, appointed provisional Governor-General of India: his eldest son was created a Baronet in recognition of his services: his statue was erected in St. Paul's Cathedral. He wrote essays and books on Indian subjects, and had considerable literary merits. But he is best remembered for his administrative ability, his energy, his sympathies with the native aristocracy, his high character, and his tragic death. He established the Lawrence Asylums in the hills, for the children of European soldiers.

LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR, FIRST BARON (1811–1879)

I.C.S.: Governor-General: sixth son of Lt-Colonel Alexander Lawrence: brother of Sir (q. v.) and Sir  (q. v.): born March 4, 1811: educated at Bristol, Foyle College, Londonderry, Wraxall Hall, Haileybury: reached Calcutta in the Civil Service in Feb. 1830: to Delhi and its neighbourhood as Assistant and as District Officer for 8 years, and again, 1843–6: noticed by Lord Hardinge at end of 1845: provided efficient transport before Sobraon: in 1846 made Commissioner of the Trans-Satlaj Jalandhar Doab: acted as Resident at Lahore: suppressed the Kangra rebellion: after the Panjab campaign, and the annexation of the Panjab in 1849, became a Member of the Board of Administration, with his brother Henry and Mr. C. G. Mansel: selected in 1853 by Lord Dalhousie to be Chief Commissioner of the Panjab, the Board being broken up: his differences of opinion from his brother, on public questions, were radical and serious: negotiated a treaty with the Amir of Afghanistan in 1855: K.C.B., 1856 made another agreement