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 great vigour : appointed special Political Commissioner of the South Mahratta country, 1858, and to Goa : C.B., 1859 : retired as Maj-General, 1861 : K.C.S.I., 1869 : he transcribed the Asoka inscriptions at Girnar, Kattiawar, and wrote many papers on the history, etc., of Western India : published in 1871, Western India before and during the Mutiny : died Jan. 27, 1881.

JACOB, JOHN (1812–1858)

Son of the Rev. Stephen Long Jacob : born Jan. 11, 1812 : cousin of Sir George Le Grand Jacob (q.v.) : educated at Addiscombe : entered the E. I. Co.'s Bombay Artillery, 1828 : in the first Afghan war, 1838, was in Sind with Sir John Keane's Army of the Indus, and in 1839 commanded Artillery in the Cutchi expedition : in 1841 was chosen by Outram (q.v.), for command of the Sind Irregular Horse, and political charge of E. Cutchi : led his regt. at Miani, Feb. 17, 1843, Shahdadpur, omercote, with great gallantry : Political Superintendent of Upper Sind, 1847 : C.B., 1850 : constantly engaged with the hill tribes : Jacobabad called after him, in 1851 : negotiated a treaty, in 1854, with the Khan of Kelat : officiating Commissioner in Sind, 1856 : Colonel and A.D.C. to Queen Victoria, 1857 : commanded the cavalry in the Persian war, 1857 : was left as Brig-General, in command of the whole force towards the end : raised "Jacob's Rifles," two regiments of infantry, armed according to his own inventions : died of brain fever on Dec. 5, 1858 : besides his great soldierly qualities, and able views on military matters, he was an advanced and active administrator, full of energy and ideas, imprinting his name and character strongly on Sind, its officers and inhabitants : he wrote largely on Sind and military questions, and in defence of Outram.

JACOB, SIR SAMUEL SWINTON (1841–)

Born Jan. 14, 1841 : son of Col. W. Jacob, Bombay Artillery : educated at Cheam and Addiscombe : entered the Bombay Artillery, 1858, and Indian Staff Corps, 1862 : Colonel, 1888 : served in P.W.D., Rajputana, and in Aden with Field Force against Arabs, 1865–6 : services lent to the Jaipur State, 1867 : Chief Engineer, Jaipur State : C.I.E., 1890 : K.C.I.E., 1902 : author of Jaipur Portfolios of Architectural Details, Jaipur Enamels (with Surgeon-Colonel Hendley) : M.R.I.B.A : A.I.C.E.

JACOB, WILLIAM STEPHEN (1813–1862)

Son of the Rev. Stephen Long Jacob, and brother of John Jacob (q.v.) : born Nov. 19, 1813 : educated at Addiscombe and Chatham : joined the Bombay Engineers, 1831 : established a private observatory at Poona, 1842 : left the service as Captain in 1845, to devote himself to science : was Director of the Madras Observatory, 1848–59 : and for three years at Poona Observatory, of which he procured the establishment : he was F.R.A.S., 1849 : made a number of scientific astronomical observations, and wrote papers on meteorology and astronomy : died at Poona, Aug. 16, 1862.

JACOBI, HERMANN GEORG (1850–)

Born Feb. 11, 1850, at Cologne : son of a merchant : educated at Cologne, Berlin and Bonn : visited India, 1873–4 : Professor of Sanskrit at the Universities of Munster, 1876; Kiel, 1885; Bonn, 1889 : has written the following works :—Kalpasutra, 1879 ; Ayaranga Sutta, 1882; Jaina Sutras, "Sacred Books of the East," Vols, xxii, xlv; Ausgewdhlte Erzdh-lungen in Maharastri; Das Ramayana : Mahabharata (statement of contents); The Computation of Hindu Dates; Dhvanyaloka (translation); and the following (in the Press), Upamitibhava prapandra Katha; Samaraichcha Kaha, and Samaraditya Samksepa : contributed to the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Indian Antiquary, etc.

JACQUEMONT, VICTOR (1801–1832)

A distinguished French botanist : born at Paris, Aug. 8, 1801 : son of a writer on psychological speculations : toured in Hayti and the United States, and, having early evinced a strong attachment to natural history, was, on his return, appointed to a post in the Royal Museum of Natural History at Paris. By Baron Cuvier's influence he was selected for a scientific mission for 7 years to the East, as its travelling naturalist, to investigate the Natural History of India in all its