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 to King George III : he was the first educated native of Bengal to visit England and describe his journey : returned after nearly three years' absence to India : wrote the Shigurf-nama, or "wonder-book," about 1784, describing his travels : a popular work in India : he was careful and painstaking in his observations.

IYENGAR, S. SRINIVASA RAGHAVA, DIWAN BAHADUR ( ? –1903)

Inspr-General of Registration, Madras : one of the ablest Hindu officials in the Presidency : wrote Forty Years of Progress in Madras, 1893, as a reply to assertions that British rule had impoverished the country : Diwan of Baroda, 1896–9, when he rejoined his appointment under the Madras Government : represented Madras on the Police Commission : an authority on revenue matters and economic questions in S. India : died Dec. 11, 1903.

JACK, ALEXANDER (1805–1857)

Son of the Rev. William Jack : born Oct. 10, 1805 : educated at King's College, Aberdeen : joined the 30th Bengal N.I., 1824 : in the Satlaj campaign was at Aliwal, and was Brigadier of the force sent against Kangra : commanded his battalion at Chilianwala and Gujarat : C.B. : Colonel, 1854 : Brig-General at Cawnpur, in 1857, under Sir Hugh Wheeler : when the entrenchment was evacuated, by arrangement with the Nana Sahib, Jack was, with many others, shot in the boats at the ghat : died June 27, 1857.

JACKSON, ABRAHAM VALENTINE WILLIAMS (1862–)

Born Feb. 9, 1862, in New York City U.S.A. : son of David S. Jackson, mer- chant : educated at New York : studied at Columbia University, N.Y., and at Halle in Germany : L.H.D. : Ph.D. : and LL.D. : Professor of Indo-Iranian languages at Columbia University : his special field of research as a scholar is the sarced literature of the Zoroastrian religion : visited India and Ceylon in 1901 : travelled in Persia and Central Asia in 1903 for purposes of archaeological research, especially of Zoroastrianism : collated part of the Persian inscription of King Darius on the Behistun rock : Director of the American Oriental Society : Hon. Member of the Society for making Researches into Zoroastrian Religion, Bombay, (1899) : twice delegated by the U.S. Government to International Congresses of Orientalists : his chief works are A Hymn of Zoroaster, 1888; Avesta Grammar in Comparison with Sanskrit, 1892; Avesta Reader, 1893; Zoroaster, 1898; Die iranische Religion, 1900; Persia, Past and Present ; Transcaspian and Turkistan, 1905; besides articles contributed to Journals and Encyclopaedias.

JACKSON, SIR CHARLES ROBERT MITCHELL ( ? - ? )

Barrister-at-law : Temporary Member of the Supreme Council from Sep. 19, 1851 : Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court, Calcutta, 1855–62 : and of the High Court, Calcutta, 1862–63 : officiated as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 1859 : also was Member of the Governor-General's Legislative Council : retired, April, 1863.

JACKSON, SIR LOUIS STEUART (1824–1890)

I.C.S. : son of Lt-Colonel Henry George Jackson, R.A. : educated at Royal School, Enniskillen and Trinity College, Dublin, and Haileybury : went to Bengal in the Civil Service, 1843 : employed under the Government in the Straits Settlements, 1847–50 : Judge of Rajshahi : Judge of the Sadr Court, 1862 : and Puisne Judge of the High Court, 1862–80 : officiated as Chief Justice, 1878 : Fellow of the Calcutta University : C.I.E., 1878 : knighted : died April 9, 1890 : F.R.G.S : F.Z.S.

JACOB, SIR GEORGE LE GRAND (1805–1881)

Son of John Jacob : born April 24, 1805 : educated at Elizabeth College, Guersey, and in France privately : joined the 2nd Bombay N.I. in 1821 : on the Staff at Addiscombe, 1831–4 : was in political charge in Kattiawar, 1839–43 : at the assault on Munsantosh in the S. Mahratta country : Political Agent in Sawantwari, 1845–51 : in Cutch, 1851 : commanded the native light battalion in the Persian war, 1856–7 : in the mutiny was sent to Kolapur, and disarmed the mutinous 27th Bombay N.I. : and behaved with