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 was Commissioner to inquire into the civil establishments of the Crown, 1853–4 : became M.P. for Dudley, 1855; for Stamford, 1858–66; for N. Devon, 1866–85, when he was made a Peer. From 1855 his life was devoted to English politics on the Conservative side. He was connected with India, as Secretary of State, from March 9, 1867, to Dec. 10, 1868 : he had to deal with the questions of the Abyssinian expedition, the Orissa famine, Afghanistan, Mysore and financial decentralization : in later years, 1878–9, he spoke in favour of the later portion of the second Afghan war : died Jan. 11, 1887.

IKBAL-UD-DAULA MUHSIN ALI KHAN, NAWAB (1808–1887)

Grandson of Nawab Saadat Ali Khan of Oudh : born March 15, 1808 : went to England, 1838, to claim the throne of Oudh. Failing to obtain any satisfaction of his claim, he retired to Bagdad, to pass his life in sanctity. He was much liked and respected by the English in England, Constantinople and Bagdad : was made G.C.S.I.in 1882 : died at Bagdad, Dec. 21, 1887.

ILBERT, SIR COURTENAY PEREGRINE (1841–)

Born June 12, 1841 : son of Rev. Peregrine Arthur Ilbert : educated at Marlborough and Balliol College, Oxford : Scholar : Hertford, Ireland, Craven and Eldon Scholar : called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1869 : Legal Member of the Supreme Council, 1882–6 : in that capacity had charge, on behalf of the Government of India, of the "Ilbert Bill," which raised so much opposition : Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University, 1885–6 : Parliamentary Assistant Counsel and Counsel to the Treasury, 1886–1901 : Clerk to the House of Commons, 1901 : author of The Government of India, 1898; Legislative Methods and Forms, 1901, etc : C.I.E., 1882 : C.S.I. 1885 : K.C.S.I. 1895.

IMADUDDIN, REV. D.D. (1830?–1900)

Son of Maulvi Sirazuddin, a Muhammadan theologian : descended from the Persian royal house and the Muhammadan Saint Kutb Jamal : born about 1830, at Panipat, near which town his family had large estates : educated at Agra Government College : became a Sufi or Muhammadan mystic : travelled about, all over India, preaching Islam : was present on behalf of Islam against Christianity in the "Agra Controversy" : subsequently became a teacher in the Government Normal School, Lahore : baptized at Umritsar, April 29, 1866 : ordained Deacon, 1868; Priest, 1872, by the Bishop of Calcutta : made D.D. by the Archbishop of Canterbury, 1884 : invited to attend the "World's Parliament on Religions" in Chicago, to which he sent a paper : wrote a number of Hindustani books, the principal being a Life of Christ, Lectures on Christian evidence, commentaries in Urdu on St. Matthew's Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles : died at Umritsar, Aug. 28, 1900.

IMPEY, SIR ELIJAH (1732–1809)

Son of Elijah Impey, merchant : born June 13, 1732 : educated at Westminster (with Warren Hastings) : King's Scholar : and at Trinity College, Cambridge: Scholar : Fellow : called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1756 : in 1772, counsel for the E. I. Co. before the House of Commons : under the Regulating Act of 1773 was appointed the first Chief Justice of the new Supreme Court at Calcutta, i.e. Chief Justice of Bengal : knighted : to India in 1774 : presided in 1775 at the trial of Nuncomar (q.v.) for forgery, and, after the jury's verdict of guilty, passed sentence of death : and Nuncomer was hanged, Aug. 5 : Impey's conduct on the trial has been impugned as having been actuated in behalf of Warren Hastings : there is no proof of collusion, and Impey has been pronounced by high authority to have behaved with absolute fairness : in 1777, he decided in favour of Hastings on the question of his alleged resignation of the Governor-Generalship : he sentenced (Sir) P. Francis (q.v.) to pay Rs. 50,000 damages in the Grand case : he was in 1780 made President of the new Sadr Diwani Adalat : there is no proof that he received extra salary for the office: at the instigation of Francis, through Biirke in England, he was recalled in 1783, to answer six charges of illegality, which Sir Gilbert Elliot, afterwards Lord Minto (q.v.), brought forward in 1787 : Impey defended himself at the bar of the House of Commons and the impeachment was abandoned : M.P. for New Romney, 1790–6 : died Oct. 1, 1809. Owing to Burke (prompted by Francis) and to