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 2Bahadur. He gradually obtained the control of/affairs and assumed the sovereign power, deposing the Hindu Raja, Chikka Krishnaraj Wodiar, captured Bednore and conquered Malabar in 1766. Allied with the Nizam, he invaded the Carnatic in 1767, and, on the Nizam's retirement, prosecuted the war alone : in 1769 he was within five miles of Madras, when the Madras Governor concluded an offensive and defensive treaty with him, and the Bombay Government made another treaty with him in 1770. He was more than once reduced to great straits by the Mahrattas, who several times invaded the Mysore dominions, but the English declined to assist him. When the French and English declared war in 1778, and the English took Mahe, Hyder, who had become the most formidable power in the Peninsula, received the missionary, Schwartz, as an envoy from the Governor of Madras, but, negotiations failing, invaded the Madras territory in 1780, defeated Colonel Baillie at Perambakam, took Arcot and other places : he was defeated at Porto Novo on July 1, 1781, by Sir Eyre Coote, who relieved Vellore, and met him in the indecisive action at Ami on June 2, 1782 : he died near Chitore, Dec. 7, 1782. Hyder was a born soldier, a first-rate horseman, heedless of danger, full of energy and resource, severe, cruel, cold, indifferent to religion, shrewd in business— though quite uneducated—with a retentive memory : he inspired great terror : with better support from the French, he might have driven the English out of Southern India.

IBBETSON, SIR DENZIL CHARLES JELF (1847–)

I.C.S. : born Aug. 30, 1847 : son of Rev. Denzil John Holt Ibbetson : educated at St. Peter's College, Adelaide, South Australia, and St. John's College, Cambridge : entered the Indian Civil Service, 1870 : posted to the Panjab : after serving in various posts, including Superintendent of Census, Director of Public Instruction and Financial Commissioner, Was appointed Secretary to the Government of India in the Revenue and Agriculture Department : Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces : Member of the Supreme Council since 1902 : author of Handbook of Panjab Ethnography, Gazetteer of the Panjab, etc., etc. : K. C.S.I., 1903 : Officiating Lieutenant-Governor of the Panjab 1905.

IDAR, SIR PRATAPSINGHJI, MAHARAJA OF (1845–)

Son of Maharaja Takhtsinghji, of the Ahmadnagar branch of the Idar family (Maharaja of Jodhpur, 1841–73) : born at Jodhpur, 1845 : brought up, 1866–78, under his brother-in-law, H.H. the Maharaja Ramsinghji of Jaipur : Prime Minister of Jodhpur, 1878–95 : on the death of his elder brother H.H. the Maharaja Jaswantsingh ji of Jodhpur, he was appointed Regent and continued so until, in 1898, the present Chief of Jodhpur was installed : was early in 1902 selected by right and merit to succeed to the vacant gadi of Idar : installed Feb. 12, 1902 : appointed, in 1878, Member of the Indian Government's Mission to Kabul : made C.S.I : in 1885, K.C.S.I : in 1887, attended Queen Victoria's Jubilee : A.D.C. to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales (now H.M. the King-Emperor Edward VII) : Hon. Lt-Colonel in the British Army : helped, in 1889, to found the Imperial Service Troops : formed the Jodhpur Lancers : in 1897, attended Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee : made G.C.S.I : decorated by Her Majesty in person : LL.D. of Cambridge : in 1897–8, joined the Mohmand expedition, with an escort of the Jodhpur Lancers for General Elles, and the Tirah campaign as A.D.C. to Gen. Sir W. Lockhart : wounded in the latter campaign : C.B. and Colonel : joined the China expedition in 1900–01 with the Jodhpur Lancers : in 1902 attended the Coronation of H.M. the King-Emperor : commanded the Indian Imperial Service Force contingent : K.C.B. for China service : Maj-General and A.D.C. to H.M. : Hon. Commandant of the Indian Imperial Cadet Corps.

IDDESLEIGH, STAFFORD HENRY NORTHCOTE, FIRST EARL OF (1818–1887)

Born Oct. 27, 1818 : son of Henry Stafford Northcote : educated at Brighton, Eton, Balliol College, Oxford : Scholar : called to the bar in 1847 from the Inner Temple : was Private Secretary to Mr. Gladstone : Legal Secretary to the Board of Trade : succeeded as Baronet in 1851 :