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 to trade, and ruinously expensive : they insisted on peace, and recalled Dupleix, who was superseded by Godeheu, 1754, ruined by him and left India, Oct. 14, 1754 : his claims, for private money expended, disregarded and unsatisfied : his services ignored : he died in comparative poverty in France, Nov. 10, 1764 : the greatest Frenchman in India : the first to see how Europeans might rule in India and employ native troops : ambitious, prescient, full of resource, will, and genius : had great knowledge of native character : inferior in the field of action, and not a soldier : he failed for want of support from France : his statue was erected at Pondicherry in 1870.

DURAND, ALGERNON GEORGE ARNOLD (1854–)

Born March 31, 1854 : son of Maj-General Sir H. M. Durand, R.E. (q.v.) : entered the Army, 1872 : served in Afghanistan, 1878–80 : was A.D.C. to Lord Ripon, Viceroy of India, 1881–2 : British Agent at Gilgit, 1889–93 : commanded troops in Hanza-Nagar expedition, 1891 : Military Secretary to the Earl of Elgin, when Viceroy of India, 1894–9 : author of The Making of a Frontier, 1899 : C.B., 1892 : C.I.E., 1897.

DURAND, SIR EDWARD LAW, BARONET (1845–)

Born June 5, 1845 : son of Sir H. M. Durand, R.E. (q.v.): educated at Bath, Repton and Guildford : entered 96th regt., 1865 : B.S.C., 1868 : Assistant Commissioner Afghan Boundary, 1884–6 : Resident in Nipal, 1888 : retired, 1893, as Lt-Colonel : created a Baronet, 1892 : C.B.

DURAND, SIR HENRY MARION (1812–1871)

Son of a cavalry officer : born Nov. 6, 1812 : educated at Leicester and Addiscombe : entered the Bengal Engineers, 1828: went to India in 1829–30, in the same ship as Dr. A. Duff (q.v.) : appointed to irrigation work in the N.W.P. : it was proposed to make him Secretary of the Board of Revenue, N.W.P., but instead he went, in 1838, with the Army to Kabul via Kandahar, and headed the party that blew open the Kabul gate of Ghazni, July 23, 1839 : returned soon to India from Kabul : went out from England, after leave, as Private Secretary to Lord Ellenborough (Governor-General, 1842–4) : was present at Maharajpur, became Captain in 1843 : was Commissioner of Tenasserim, 1844, until removed by Sir Herbert Maddock, the President in Council, in 1846 : he obtained no redress in England. In the Sikh war, 1848–9, Durand was at Chilianwala and Gujarat : Brevet-Major : became Political Agent at Gwalior and Bhopal successively : wrote there largely for the Calcutta Review : in 1856 was Inspecting-Engineer, Presidency Circle, until Lord Canning made him Agent to the Governor-General for Central India. In the mutiny he was compelled, by the strength of the insurrection of Holkar's native troops at Indore, to retire thence, fought several actions, and reconquered Western Malwa : C.B, and Brevet-Colonel : deputed to England to represent the views of the Government of India on the re-construction of the Army in India : Member of the Council of India, 1859–61 : Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 1861–65 : Military Member of the Governor-General's Supreme Council, April 27, 1865, until he became Lieutenant-Governor of the Panjab, June I, 1870 : Maj-General and K.C.S.I. in 1867 : he was accidentally killed at Tonk on Jan. 1, 1871, his howdah, on an elephant's back, being crushed under the arch of a gateway : Durand was thrown violently to the ground and picked up insensible : he recovered consciousness after several hours, but remained paralyzed—his spine had been injured—and passed away without pain. No officer in India at the time had a greater reputation for ability, experience, high principles, force of character : he held strong views and expressed them strongly. The Secretary of State wrote of him : "The life of such a man is an example to the Service, and her Majesty's Government deeply deplore his death."

DURAND, SIR HENRY MORTIMER (1850–)

I.C.S. : born Feb. 14, 1850 : son of Maj-General Sir H. M. Durand (q.v.) : educated at Blackheath School, and Eton House, Tunbridge : barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1872 : entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1873 : Political Secretary to Sir F. Roberts in Kabul campaign, 1879 :