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  on the voyage, near the Cape and off Sagar island : lost his library : at Calcutta he declared his policy, to afford, in the English language, education in-separably combined with the Christian faith as its animating spirit : the Duff College was soon founded, and,proving very successful, attracted a very large number of pupils, not without troubles on account of conversions. He received much help from Sir C. Trevelyan (q.v.) and from the decision of Government of March 7, 1835, in favour of the promotion of European science and literature through English rather than the Oriental languages. During his visit home, 1834–40, for his health, he made speeches, collected money, and laboured hard in organizing his mission : he was D.D. of Aberdeen in 1835. He was in India again from 1840 to 1850, and from 1856 to 1863 : made extensive tours in the cause of missions : was opposed to the Government policy in the mutiny : assisted greatly in the establishment of the Calcutta University in 1857, the shape it assumed, its educational measures and examinations. When away from India, he was made Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church in 1851 : he travelled in the United States in 1854, and made constant speeches, and was made LL.D., New York : he inspired the Government Education Despatch to India of 1854. On his finally leaving Calcutta, memorials were erected to him. He travelled in South Africa in 1864. In 1867 he became the first Professor of Evangelistic Theology at the Free Church College, Edinburgh. He was again Moderator of the General Assembly in 1873. He wrote on India and Indian Missions, and edited the Calcutta Review, 1845–9, writing articles in it, besides other publications chiefly connected with his mission work : died Feb. 12, 1878.

DUFFERIN AND AVA, FREDERICK TEMPLE HAMILTON-TEMPLE BLACKWOOD, FIRST MARQUESS OF (1826–1902)

Son of Price, first Baron Dufferin, of the Irish peerage, and of Helen Selina, grand-daughter of Richard Brinsley Sheridan : born June 21, 1826 : educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford : Lord in Waiting, 1849–50 : Peer of the United Kingdom, 1850 : on a special mission to Vienna, 1855 : British Commissioner in Syria in 1860 to inquire into the massacres of Christians : K.C.B. : Under Secretary of State for India, 1864–6 : Under Secretary for War, 1866 : Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1868 : Earl, 1871 : Governor General of Canada, 1872–8 : Ambassador to St. Petersburg, 1879 : Ambassador to Constantinople, 1881 : Special Commissioner to Egypt, 1882–3, after Arabi's rebellion : Viceroy and Governor-General of India, 1884–8. He did much, by his personal influence, to allay the excitement and race feeling which had arisen from the controversy over the "Ilbert Bill" in the time of his predecessor : he met the Amir Abdur Rahman in darbar at Rawal Pindi, 1885 : Upper Burma was annexed on his advice : his administration was marked by firmness and vigour underlying his tact and suavity : the Countess of Dufferin's Fund for the medical relief of native women was established : made Marquis in 1888, with the additional title of Ava : Ambassador to Rome, 1888–91 : to Paris, 1891–6 : his latter years were clouded be financial troubles in connexion with a business enterprise of which he had insufficient knowledge to exercise control : he retained the goodwill of the shareholders and public sympathy : he was K.P. : G.C.B. : G.C.S.I. : G.C.M.G. : G.C.I.E. : P.C. : D.C.L. : LL.D. : F.R.S. : President of the Geographical Society : Rector of Edinburgh and St. Andrew's Doctor of Oriental Learning, Panjab University : Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 1891–5 : wrote Letters from High Latitudes, and on Irish questions : also Speeches in India, 1890 : died Feb. 12, 1902.

DUFFERIN AND AVA, HARRIET GEORGINA, DOWAGER MARCHIONESS OF ( ? - ) Eldest daughter of Archibald Rowan Hamilton of Killyleagh Castle, County Down : married Oct. 23, 1862, the (late) Marquis of Dufferin and Ava (q.v.), afterwards Governor-General and Viceroy of India : when in India, she established the National Association for supplying female medical aid to the women of India, with the object of bringing European medical science within the reach of native women of the higher castes, the money collected, being credited to "The Countess of Dufferin's Fund" : V.A. : C.I. : Grand