Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/98

 EPHBAIM. tiim when tlie town had diminished in size: " con- sidexmble nanains of this may still be traced at the foot of Monnt Goressns, extending from near the theatre westward to the port and temple of Diana." There are remains of an aqnedoct at Ephesns. Span and Wheler also describe a series of ardies as being five or six miles from Ephesns on the road to Scala Nova, with an inscriptioa in honour of Diana and the emperors Tiberius and Augustus. Hamilton copied a few inscripti<qis at Ephesus (toI. iL p. 455). Chandler copied others, which were published in lus ^* Insciiptiones Antiquae," &c In the ** Antiquities of loma," yoL ii., there are Tiews of the remains of Ephesns, and plans. Some of the coins of Ephesus of the Boman period have a reclining figure that represents the river Cayster, with the legend E^ffmif Kawrrpos, Arundel {Discourtes m Awia Minora voL ii.) has collected scmie particulan about the Christian histoiy of Ephesus. The reader may also consult the '' LifSa and Epistles of St Paul " by Conybeare and Howson, vd. ii. p. 66, &c The name of the village oiAiaioUick near Smyrna is generally said to be a corruption of ^A^ios Oe^ y0Sj a name of St J<^, to whom the chief Christian church of Ephesus was dedicated (Procop. de Aedtf. ▼. 1 ). But, as Arundell observes, this is very absurd : and he supposes it to be a Turkish name. Tamerlane encamped here after he had taken Smyrna. The name is written AyaaHic by Tamerlane's historian Cherefeddin Ali (French Translation, by Petis de la Gnux, vol. It. p. 58). It has been conjectured that Tamerlane destroyed the pUu», but his historian says nothing about that Ephesus had perished be- fore the days of Tamerlane. )( [0. L.] EPHTBA. 689 COIN OF EPHESUS. EPHBAIM. 1. One of the twelve tribes of Is- nel. [Palaestina.] 2. ('E^/jii), a city named only by St John (xL 54), without any clue to its position, except that it was iyybs r^r ^p^juov, probably the wild and rocky wilderness of Judea, north-east of Jeru- salem, usually so designated in the New Testament This position would answer well enough to the situation assigned it by Eusebius (Onomcut. a, v, ^Z^pAv)^ who describes it as a large village eight miles distant from Jerusalem to the north, where, however, St Jerome reads 20 miles. In confirma- tion of this is the mention of the small town of Ephraim, in connection with Bethel, by Josephus {B, J. iv. 9. 1 9), and the desert is probably the same which is called in Joshua (xviii. 12) the wilderness of Beth-aven, and Mount Bethel in viii. 24. (comp. xvi. 1 .) (Behmd, Palaut. pp. 376, 377.) Dr. Robinson believes it to be the same as "Ephraim with the towns thereof," which Abijah took from Jeroboam (cir. b. c. 957), also mentioned in con- nection with Bethel (2 CAron. xiii. 19). Assuming St Jerome's statement of the distance to be correct, he identifies Ephnum with '* the loffcy site of the modem EUTaiyibeh^ situated two hours NE. of Bethel, and six hours and twenty minntes NKE. 4i, -a V<?A< ,. ^ r )di-" ' :^ . a,..., - > '^fcr, h, fv t^i /, .. ^% y / r". » >'- ,.. w-) . of Jerusalem (reckoning three Boman miles to the hour), adjacent to and overlookiug the broad tract of desert country lying between it and the valley of the Jordan." (Bobinson, Haartnony of the Four GotpelSf note on pt vL § 93.) He finds it also in the Ophrah of Benjamin mentioned in JosL xviii. 23, 1 Sam. xiii. 17. Possibly, also, ^ Mount Ephron," mentioned in the northern border of the tribe of Judah, may be the mountain district of Benjamin, deriving its name from this city. {Josh, zv. 9.) 3. A woody country on the east of Jordan in Gilead, where the decisive battle between David and his revolted son was fought, one of whose oaks proved filial to Absalom. (2 iSom. xviii 6.) [G.W.] E'PHYBA ('E^tJpi}), the name of sevoal ancient cities in Greece. Meineke ^ad Steph. B. p. 275) connects the word with iipopau^ and others suppose it to be equivalent to 4x^P^ (Curtius, Pdoponiiesos, vol. ii. p. 593); but the meaning of the word can only be a matter of conjecture. E'PHYBA CE^up>}> 1. The ancient name of Corinth. [CoRiNTHUs.] 2. A town of Elis, situated upon the river Selleeis, and the ancient capital of Angelas, whom Hercules conquered. (Horn. JZ. ii. 659, xv. 531 : see below. No. 4.) Strabo describes Ephyra as distant 120 stadia from Elis, on the road to Lasion, and says that on ' its site or near it was built the town of OenoS or Boeonoa. (Strab. viii. p. 338, where, for the corrupt Ktifiini rp ivi6aaa<rluvaf we ought to read, with Meineke, Kci/u^nj rf M Aourluveu) Stej^anus also speaks of an Ephyra between Pylos and Elis, Pyloe being the town at the junction of the Ladon and the Peneius. (Steph. B. s. v. *E^6pm,) From these two accounts there can be little doubt that the Ladon, the chief tributary of the Peneius, is the Selleeis, which Strabo describes as rising in Mount Pholoe. Curtius places Ephyra near the modem village of KUaura which lies on the Ladon, about 120 stadia from Elis, by way of Pylos. Leake supposes, with much less probability, that the Sel> leeis is the Peneius, and that Ephyra was the more ancient name of Elis. (Curtius, PeloponneaoSf voL i. p. 39, seq. ; Leake, Morta, vol. i. pp. 6, 7.) 3. A village of Sicyonia, mentioned by Strabo, along with the river Selleeis, as situated near Si- cyoB. Boss conjectures that some rains situated upon a hill about 20 minutes south-east of Sidi re- present the Sicyonian Ephyra. (Strab. viii. p. 338 ; Boss, Reisen «ro PdoponneSy p. 56.) 4. A town of Thesprotia in Epeirus, afterwards called CiCHYRUS, according to Strabo. Thucydidea describes it as situated in the district Elaeatia in Thesprotia, away from the sea; and it further ap- pears from his account, compared with that of Strabo, that it stood not fiur frtun the dischai^e of the Acheron and the Acherusian lake into the port called Glycyt Limen, (Thuc. i. 46; Strab. vii. p, 324.) It is placed by Leake and other modem trayellers at a church, formerly a monastery of St. John, distant 3 or 4 miles direct from Porto Fa- ndri: the church stands on remains of Hellenio walls of polygonal masonry. The Thesprotian Ephyra appears to be the town mentioned in two passages of the Odyssey (i. 259, ii. 328). The Ephjrri, mentioned in a passage of the Uiad (xiii. 301), were supposed by Pauaanias to be the inhabitants of the Thesprotian town (Paus. ix. 36. § 3); but Strabo mamtained that the poet referred to the Thessalian Ephyra (Strab. ix. p. 442). Some commentators even supposed the 3h 4 J