Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/95

 zs^ EPHESUS. away from the goddess, ihoogh they belone^ed to her. The Bomans gare them back to the goddess ; bat again the poblicani by force seized on the revenae that was got from them ; bat Artemidoras, as hesajs himself, being sent to Rome, recovered the lakes for the goddess ; and the city of Ephesos set up his golden (gilded) statue in ^e temple. Pliny (t. 29) seems to say that there were two rivers Selenuntes at Ephesus, and that the temple of Diana Uy be- tween them. Bat these rivers have nothing to do with the lakes, which were on the north side of the Caystras, as the French editor of Chandler correctly observes ; and Pliny has probably confounded the river and the lakes. The moantain Gallesos (^Ale- man) separated the tenitory of Ephesas, north of the Gaystms, from that of Colophon. When Hannibal fled to Asia, he met king Antiochus near Ephesos (Appian, Syr» c. 4); and when the Roman com- missioners went to AJiia to see Antiochus, they had a good deal of talk with Hannibal while they were waiting for the king, whe was in Pisidia. Antiochus, daring his war with the Romans, wintered at Ephesus, at which time he had the design of adding to his emjnre all the cities of Asia. (Liv. xxxiil. S8). Ephesus was then the. king's head-quarters. The king's fleet fought a battle with the fleet of the Bomans and Enmenes at the port Corycus, ** which is above Cyssus " (Liv. 3puLvi.4d); and Polyzenidas, the admiral of Antiochus, being defeated, fled back to the port of Ephesus (b. c. 189). [Casystes.] After the great defeat of Antiochus at Magnesia, near Sipylus, by L. Cornelias Sdpie, Polyzenidas left Ephesus, and the Romans occupied it The Roman coijusul divided his army into three parts, and wintered.. at Magnesia on the Maeander, Tralles, and Ephesius. (Liv. zzxvii. 45). On the settle- ment of Asia; after the war, the Romans rewarded their aUy Eujpones, king of Pergamum, with Ephe- sus, ia addition to, other towns and countries. When the last Attains of Pergamum died (b. c. 133) and left his states to the Romans, Aristonicus, the 8<»i of an Ephesian woman by king Eumenes, as the mother said, attempted to seize the kingdom of Pergamum. The Ephesii resisted him, and defeated him in a naval fight off Cyme. (Strab. p. 646). The Romans now formed their province of Asia (b. c. 129), of which Ephesos was the chief place, and the nsoal residence of the Roman governor. One of the Conventus Joridici was also named from Ephesos, which became the chief town for the ad- ministration of justice, and of a district which com- prised the Caesarienses, Metropolitae, Cilbiani infe- riores et superiorea, Mysomaoedones, Mastaorenses, Briollitae, Hypaepeni, Dioshieritae.** (Plinyt B.N. V. 29). When Mithridates entered Ionia, the Ephesii and other towns gladly received him, and the Ephesii threw down the statoes of the Romans. (Appian, Mithrid. c. 21). In the general massacre of the Romans, which Mithridates directed, the Ephesii did not respect their owft asylum, bat they dragged oot those who had takeu refuge there and pot them to death. Mithridates, on his visit to western Asia, married Monime, the daughter of Philopoemen of Stratonicea in Caria, and he made Philopoemen his bailiff {MaKoicos) of his town of Ephesus. But the Ephesii, who were never distin- guished for keeping on one side, shortly after mur- dered Zenobius, a general of Mithridates, the same who carried the Chians off. [Chios.] L. Cornelius SoUa, after his victories over Mithridates, punished EPHESUS. the Ephesii for their treachery. The Roman com- moned the chief men of the Asiatic cities to Ephesns, and from his tribonal addressed them in a speedi, in which, after rating them well, he imposed a heavy contribution on them, and gave notice that be vodd treat as enemies all who did net obey his ovdeis. This was the end of the political hiitoiy of Ephesus. Ephesus was now the usual place at which the Romans landed when they came to Afia. When Cicero (b. c. 51) was f^oing to his proviaoe of Cilicia, he says that the Ephesii received him as if he had come to be their governor (ad AtLy. 13). P. Metellos Seipio, who was at Ephesus shortly before the battle of Phanalia, was^oing to take ths money that had been deposited from suscient times in the temple >at Ephesus, when he was summoned hj Cn. Pompeius to join him in-Epiroa. After the de- feat of Brotos and Caasius at Philippi, M. Antonini paid a visit to Ephesos, and offered aplendid sacri- fices to the goddess. He pardoned the partisans tf Bnitos and . Cassias, who had taken reAige in the temple, ezoept two; and it may have been on thii occasion that he issoed that oixler in favonr of the rogues of Ephesus which Augustas repealed. An- tonius Buinmened the people of Asia, who were at Ephesus represented by their commissionera, and, after recapitulating the kindness that they had a- perienced fwm tlie Romans, and the aid that they had given to Brutus and Cassius, he told them that he wanted money ; and that as they had gives Us enemies ten years* taxes in two years, they most give him ten years' taxes in one ; and that they ahoold be thankful for being let off more easily than they deserved. The-Greeks made a lamentable appeal to his mercy, urging that they had given Bratus and Cassias money under con^ralsion ; that they had even given up their plate and ornaments, which had been coined into money before their eyes. AnUmios at last graciously signified that he would be oootent with nine years' taxes, to be paid in two yean. (Appian, B. C. v. 4, &c) It was daring this visit that Antouius, according to Dion Cassias (xlviii. 24), took the brothers of Cleopatra from their sanctuary in the temple of Diana at Ephesus, and put them to death; but Appian (B. C, v. 9) says that it was Arsinoe, Cleopatra's sister, and that she was taken from sanctuary an the temple of Artemis Leuoo- pbryne at Miletus. Ap]aan's accoont is the more trustworthy, for he speaks of the priest of Ephesns, vengeance of Antonius, because he had once received Arsinoe as a qoeen. Before the sea-fight at Actium the fleet of M. Antonius and Cleopatra was collected at Ephesus, and he came there with Cleopatra. After the battle of Actium, Caesar Octavianus permitted Ephesus and Nicaea, the chief cities of Asia -aiid Bithynia, respectively to dedicate temples to the deified dictator Caesar. Strabo terminates his description of Ephesus with a list of the illustrioos natives, among whom was Heraclitns, snmamed the Obscure; and Hermodoros, who was banished by the citizens for his merits. This is the Hermndorus who is said to have assisted the Roman Decemviri in drawing up the Tables. (Dig. L 2. 2. § 4.) Hipponax the poet was also an Ephesian, and Parrhasius the painter. Strabo also mentions Apelles as an Ephesian, but that is not certain. Of modem men of note he mentions oaly Alexander, snmamed the Light, who was engaged in pabUc affairs, wrote histoiy, and astrmoimcidsiid
 * whom they call Megabyzus," narrowly escaping the