Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/54

 DTABDAKES. 0a the rock shows; hut the reading of it is said to he doabtfnl. The place is called the Pierre Per* Hue or Pertub (Pertiua). According to D'Anville (Notice^ &o.), the inacription contains the words via DVGTA PER MOMTBM DTRYVM ; and he adds that the mountain keeps its name DtunHtu, According to the inscription, a nviR col. hblvkt. superin- tended the work; the colonia is probably Aventicum lAvenche). [6. L.] DYARDANES, a large river of India, mentioned onlj by Gurtins (viii. 9. § 9). Forbiger conjectures, happly, that it is the same as thoBrahmapuirat as no other river but it and the Ganges is likely to have nourished crocodiles and dolphins. Strabo(xv. p. 719) gives a similar description of a river called the Oedanes (OiSdbnif ), which Grosskurd and others, without much reas<8i, have supposed to be the same as the lomanes of Pliny. [V.] DYMAE, DYME (A6fjai a town in the south of Thrace, on the western bank of the river Hebrus, and not far from its mouth. (Ptol. ill. 11. § 13; Itm. AnL 333; Geogr. Bav. iv. 6; Itm, Hier, 602, where it is called D^nae.) It is identified with the modem Feredejik, f L. Sw] DYME (A^Mir, Pymae, Liv. zxvii. 31 : Eth. Au- fuuot^ also A^/Aior, Steph. B. e. v., Dymaeus, Cic ad AU. zvi. 1 ; the territory 4i Avfuda, Pol. y. 17: nr. jraraoo«6fW),a townof Achaia,and the most westerly of the 12 Achaean cities, from which circumstance it is said to have derived Its name. (Herod, i. 145; Pol. u. 41 ; Strab. viiL p. 387.) It was situated near the coast, according to Strabo 60 stadia Irom the promontory Arazus, and according to Pansanias 30 stadia from the river Larisus, which separated its territory from Elis. It is further said by Strabo (viii. p. 337) to have been formed out of an union of 8 villages, one of which was called Teuthea(T€v0^a); and it is probable, that some of the different names, by which the city is said to have been called, were originally the names of the separate villages. Thus, its more ancient name U siated. by Pansanias to have been Paleia (n^cia), and by Strabo to have been Stratus (2rpar6s), The poet Antimachus gave it the epithet Cauoonis, which was derived by some from the iron Gaaoon in the neighbourhood, and by others from the Cauoones, who were supposed to have originally inhabited this district (Strab. pp. 837, 341, 342, 388; Pans. vii. 17. § 5, seq.) After the death of Alexander the Great, Dyme fell into the hands of Casaander, but his troops were driven out of the city by Aristodemns, the general of Anti- genua, b. c. 314. (Died. xix. 66.) This dty had the honour, along with Patrae, of reviving the Achaean League in 280; and about this time or shortly afterwards its population received an acces- sion from some of the inhabitants of Olenus, who abandoned their town. (Pol. iL 41.) [Olbnus.] In the Social War (b. c. 220, seq.), the territory of Dyme, from its proximity to EHs, was frequently kid waste by the Eleana. (Pol. iv. $9, 60, v. 17.) It is mentioned by Livy in the histoiy of the war between f hilip anid the Romans, and Paosanias says that, in consequence of its being the only one of the Achaean cities which espoused the cause of the Ma- cedonian king, it was plundered by the Romans (Pans. L 6.). From this blow it never recovered; and it is sud to have been without inhabitants when Pompey settled here a large number of Cilician piratea. In the dvil wars which followed, some of these new inhabitants were expelled from their lands, and resumed in oonsequenoe their DYRBHACHIUM. 795 old occupation. (Strab. pp. 387, 665; Appian, Mithr. 96; Pint Pomp. 28; Cic. ad Att, xvi. 1, '^Dymaeos agro pulsos mare infestum habere, nil mirum.") Both Stnbo (p. 665) and Pliny (iv. 6) can Dyme a colony; but this statement appears to be a mistake, since we know that Dyme was one of the towns placed under the authority of Patrae, when it was made a Roman colony by Augustus (Pans. I c); and we are expressly told t£it no other Achaean town except Patrae was allowed the privilege of self-government. The remains of Dyme are to be seen near the modem village oiKaravostAsi. (Leake, Morea, vol. iL p. 160.) In the territory of Dyme, near the promontory Araxus, there was a fortress, called Teichos (TcT- XOf)* which was said to have been built by Hercules, when he made war upon the Eleans. It was only a stadium and a half in circumference, but its walla were 30 cubits high. It was taken by the Eleans under Euripides in the Social War, b. a 220, but it was reoovend by Philip and restoied to the Dymae- ans in the following year. Its site is perhaps occu- pied by the castle of KaUogrid, (Pol iv. 59, 88; Leake, vol. ii p. 164.) There were also two other places in the territory of Dyme, between the city and the frontiers of Elis, named Hecatombabon (^Eko- r6ftSaioy) and Lanoon (Aifyy»y), the latter of which, however, appears properly to have belonged to the Eleans. Near Hecatombaeon Aratus and the Achaeans were defeated by Cleomenes, who followed up his victory by gaining possession of Langon, b. a 224. (Pol. ii. 51 ; Pint Cleom. 14.) DY'NDASUM (AMoffotf; Eth, AwScurc^f), a place in Caria, about which Stephanus («. v.) quotes the second book of Alexander on Caria, m which passage Dyndasa is mentioned with Gslynda. [G.L.] DYRAS (A^pos: Gurgo), a river in Malis, which in the time of Herodotus flowed between the Spercheius and the Melas into the Maliac gulf. At present, the Gurgo (the Dyrss) and the Mavra- niria (the Melas) unite their streams and fall into the Spercheius. (Herod, vii. 198 ; Strab. ix. p. 428 ; Leake, Northern Greeoe^ vol. ii. pp. 1 1, 26.) DYRIS, DYRIN. [Atlas]. DYRRHA'CHIUM (Av^^<ixu»v, Steph. B.; Ptol. iu. 13. § 3, viil 12. § 3 : EiK Av^^xiof, Av^axn- v6s, Dyrrachinus), a city on the coast of Dlyricum in tiie Ionic gulf, which was known in Grecian hia- tory 83 Efidamnus (lEvtScvuvf, Strab. vii p. 316.) It is doubtful under what circumstances ^e name was changed to that of Dtrrhachiux, under which it usually appears in the Latin writers. Some have affirmed that the Romans, considering the word Epi- damnus to be of ill omen, called it Dyrrhachium from the ruggedness of its situation. (Plin. iii. 23; Pomp. MeU, ii. 3. § 12.) The Utter word is, how- ever, of Greek and not of Latin origin, and is used by the poet Enphorion of Chalds. (Steph. B. t, v.) Strabo (p. 316) applied the name to the high and craggy peninsula ujion which the town wsa built, as does also the poet Alexander. (Steph, B. <. «.) And as Dyrrhachium did not exactly occupy the site of ancient Epidamnus (Pans. vi. 10. § 2), it pft)bably nauxped the place of the earlier name from its natural features. Epidamnus was founded on the isthmus of an outlying peninsula on the sea- coast of the lUyrian Tanlantii, about 627 B.O., as is said (Euseb. Chron), by the Gorcyraeans, yet with some aid, and a portion of the settlers, from Gorinth ; the leader of the colony, Phaleos, belonging to the family of the Heradidae,