Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/47

 788 DBAUDACUM. tothesatnipyof BacbrutandSogdiaiuu (I>iod.zviu. 39.) The district was mountainous towards the eastern or Arachorian side, but to the W. was one great sandj plain, analogous to the adjoining country of Cannania or Kirman, Its chief, indeed onlj, riTers were the EEymandrus or Etymandms, Erjman- thus (now £lmend)f and Phamoootis (now Ferrah- Mitd). It has one lake of some size on the northern border, adjoining Aria, and named, from it, Aria Lar ca8(ZaraA}. [AriaLacu&] Bendes the Drangae, some other tribes appear to have dwelt in Drangiana : as, the Ariaspae, who occupied a town called Anaspe, on the southern end of the land towards Gedrosia ; the Eneigetae (probablj a section of the last-named tribe), who possessed a territoiy called Tatacene and Batrii. The population appears to have mainlj be- bnged to the same race as their neighboors, the people of Ariana, Arachosia, and Gedrosia. The capital of Drangiana was Prophthasia (perhaps the modern Furrah} Wilson, Ariana, p. 154). The actual capital of Seittan is Duthak, probablj the Zarang oi the early Mohammedan writers, which was evidently by its name connected with Dran- giana. In the Persian cundfbrm inscription at Be- histun the country is called Z€t$aka. (Bawlinson, Mem, p. 1.) [V.] DRAU'DACUM, a fortress belonging to the Pe- nestae, which was Uiken by Perseus in tiie campaign of B. c. 169. (Liv. zliii. 19.) It has been identi- fied with Dardd* near Elba$6». [E.B.J.] DRAVUS, DRAVIS (A^^or, hdposi Dr<m one of the chief tributaries of the Danube. Its sources are in the Norican Alps, on the Rhaetian frontier near the town of Aguntum (^Iniehm), It then flows through Noricum and Pannonia, and after receiving the waters of its northern tributaiy, the Murius, it empties itself into the Danube below Carpis. It is possible therefore that the river Carpts mentioned by Herodotus (iv. 49) as a tributary of the Danube, is DO other than the Dravus. Strabo (Tii. pi 314) re- presents the Dravus as flowing into the Noams, a riTer altogether unknown, and then as emptying itself with this Noams into the Ister. (Gomp. Plin. iii. 28; Flor. iv. 12; Jomand. De Regn. Succ. 39; Paul. Diao. ii. 13; Ptol. ii. 16. § 2.) The current is very rapid, whence Pliny calls it vioUntior, [L. S.] DREPANE, DREPANUM. [HsLBNOPOua] DRETANUM, a promontory of Achaia. [Acuaia, p. 13, a.] DRETANUM or DRETANA (rh Apiwopw, PtoL, Diod. zziii. 9, but r^ Apdraya^ Pol.; Steph. B.; Dionys. ; Diod. xziv, Sec, and this seems the best authenticated form: Eth, Drepanitanus : TVa- pam), a city of Sicily, with a promontory and port of the same name, at the NW. extremity of the island, immediately opposite to the Aegates. The city did not exist until a comparatively late period, but the port and promontory are mentioned In very early times : the latter evidently derived its name from the resemblance of its form to that of a sickle (S/itirdKi}), whence late mythographers described it as the spot where the sickle of Cronos or Saturn was buried. (Serv. ad Am. ilL 707; Tzetz. ad Lgoophr, 869.) The port was only a few miles from tLe foot of Mu Eryx, and hence it is mentioned in connection with the Trojan legends that were attached to this part of Sicily. Virgil makes it the scene of the death of Anchises, and of the funeral games celebrated by Aeneas in his honour. (Virg. Jen. iii. 707, v. 24, &c ; Dionys. L 52 ; Serv. adAen, U, cc) But with this exception we find no mention of the name pre- DREPANXJM. vioDS to the First Punic War: it probably served ■• a port to the neighbouring dty of Eryx, and was a dependency of that place [Ebtx] ; but in the earlier part of the war just named (about b. c. 260) the Carthaginian general Hamilcar proceeded to ftrtify the promontory of Drepanum, and founded a town there, to whidi he transferred a great part of the inhabitants of Eryx. (Diod. xxiiL 9, Exc H. y. 503; Zooar. viii. 11.) Hence the statonent of Floms (ii. 2) and Anrelius Victor (de Virit Ilhutr. 39), both of whom mention Drepanum among the cities of Sicily taken by the dictator Atilios Gtlsr tinus at an earlier period of the war, must be erro- neous. The result proved the wisdom of the choice; from the goodness of its harbour, and its pranmity to Africa, Drepana became a place of great import- ance, and continued throughout the remainder of the war to be one of the chief strongholds of the Cartha- ginians. In B. a 250, indeed, Drepana and LUy- baeum were the only two points in the island of which that people retained possession; and henoe the utmost importance was attached by them to their maintenance. (PoL L 41 ; Zooar. viiL 16.) Doriog the long protracted siege of Lilybaeum by the fio> mans, it was at Drepana that Adherbal otablisbed himself with the Carthaginian fleet, to watch the operations of the besiegen, and it was off this port that he totally defeated the Roman consul P. CUo- dius, and destroyed almost hia whole fleet, b.c 249. (Pol. L 46, 49—51 ; Diod. xxiv. 1, Exc. H. pi 507.) Not long after this, when Hamilcar Barca nude himself master of the city of Eiyx, he removed all the remaining inhabitants from thence to Drepana, which he fortified as strongly as possible, and of which he retained possession till the end of the wsr. It was, however, in b. c 242 besieged by the Bonum consul Lutatius Catulus; and it was the attempt of the Carthaginians under Hanno to effect its relief, as well as that of the army under Hamilcar, that brought on their fatal defeat off the islands of the Aegates, B.G 241. (Pol. i. 59, 60; Diod. xxiv. 8, 11, Exc. H. p. 509; Zonar. viiL 17; Liv.xxviii.41.) From this time the name of Drepana appears no more in history, but it seems to have ccmtinaed to be a flourishing commercial town, though apparently eclipsed by the superior prosperity of the neighbour- ing Lilybaeum, which thronghoat the Roman period was the most considerable dty in this part of Sicily. Cicero and Pliny both mentiain it as a mnrndpal town; and the Itineraries and Tabula prove that it still retained its name and consideration in the fourth century of the Christian era. (Cic. Verr. iv. 17; Plin. iii. 8. s. 14 ; Ptol. iii. 4. § 4 ; Itin. AnL pp. 91, 97 ; Tab, Peut.) The modem dty of TVopam has succeeded to tlie andent importance of Lilybaenm, and is now the most populous and flourishing dty in the west of Sicily, as well as a strong fortress. Great part of its wealth is derived from the mann- factura and export of coral, of which there are ex- tensive fisheries on the coast: these are alluded to by Pliny as already existing in his time (xxxii. 2. s. 11). Some vestiges of the andent mole are the only remains of antiquity which it presents; but the site is undoubtedly the same with that of the andent dty, upon a low sandy peninsula, which has been artifioially converted into an island by the ditch of the modem fortifications. (Smyth's i^et^, pp. 237 —241 ; Parthey, Wanderungen dmvh SkUim, p. 75, &C.) Immediately off the harbour of Tngnmi is a small island called Colombara, which appesn to haye been known in andent times also as Colum-