Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/45

 786 DORI& ▼inciDg proof that the Dorian conquest of Pelopon- nesus most have tiJcen place subsequent to the time of the poet| and conseqnently most be assigned to a much later date than the one nsnally attributed to it Prom the Peloponnesus the Dorians spread over Tarioos parts of the Aegaean and its connected seas. Doric colonies were founded in mythical times in the islands of Crete, Melos, Thera, Rhodes, and Cos. About the same time thej founded upon the coast of Caria the towns of Cnidus and Halicaniassus: these two towns, together with Cos and the three Bhodian towns of Lindas, lalysns, and Camims, formed a confederation usually called the Doric. Hezapolis. The members of this hezapolis were accustomed to celebrate a festival, with games, on the Triopian promontory near Cnidus, in honour of the Triopian Apollo; the prizes in those games were brazen tripods, which the victors had to dedicate in the temple of Apollo; and Halicamassus was struck out of the league, because one of her citizens carried the tripod to his own house instead of leaving it in the temple. The hezapolis thus became a pentapolis. (Herod, i. 144.) The Doric colonies founded in historical times are efiumerated under the names of the countries which founded them. Corinth, the chief commercial city of the Dorians, colonised Corcyra, and planted several colonies on the western coast of Greece, of which Ambracia, Anactorium, Leucas, and Apollonia were the most important Epidamnus, further north, was also a Doric cdony, being founded by the Corey* raeans. In Sicily we find several powerful Doric cities: — Syracuse, foimded by Coring; the Hy- Waean Megara, by Megara; Gela, by Rhodians and Cretans ; Zancle, subsequently peopled by Messenians, and hence called Messene; Agrigentum, founded by Oela ; and Selinus, by the Hyblaean Megara. In Muthem Italy there was the great Doric city of Ta- rentum, founded by the Laosdaemonians. In the eastern seas there were also several Doric cities: — Potidaea, in the peninsula of Chalcidioe, founded by Cormth; and Selymbria, Chalcedon, and Byaantinm, all three founded by Megara. The history of Doris Proper is of no importance. Li the invasion of Xerxes it submitted to the Per« sians, and consequently its towns were spared. (He- rod, viii. 81 ) Subsequently, as we have aheady seen, they were assisted by the Lacedaemonians, when attacked by the more powerful Phocians and neighbouring tribes. (Thuc i. 107, iiL 92.) Their towns suffered much in the Phocian, Aetolian, and Macedonian wars, so that it was a wonder to Strabo that any trace of them was left in the Roman times. (Strab. iz. p. 427.) The towns continued to be mentioned by Pliny (iv. 7. s. 13 ; comp. MtUler, Doriant^ book i. c. 2 ; Leake, Norikem Greece^ vol. ii. p. 90, seq.). DORIS. Pliny (v. 28) says, " Caria mediae Doridi drcomfunditur ad mare utroque latere ambiens," by which he means thi^ Doris is surrounded by Caria on all sides, except where it is bordered by the sea. He makes Doris begin at Cnidus. In the bay of Doris he places Leuoopolis, Hamazitus, &o. An attempt has been made elsewhere to ascertam which of two bays Pliqy calls Doridis Sinus. [Cbra- HKicus.] This Doris of Pliny is the country oc- cupied by the Dorians, which Thucydides (ii. 9) indicates, not by the name of the country, but of the p^ple: '* Dorians, neighbours of the Carians.** Pto- lemy (v. 2) makes Dorb a division of his Asia, and places in it Halicanuuisns, Cenonus, and Cnidus. DOBTLAEUM. The term Doris, applied to a part of Asia, does not appear to occur in other writers. [G. L.] DORISCUS (Aop((rKOf), a coast town of Thrsoe, in a plain west of the river Hebrus, which is hence called the plain of Doriacus (Aopfdricof wcftior). During the expedition of Darius the place was taken and ftrtified by the Persians; and in this plain XerzieB reviewed his forces before conunendng his march against Greece. In the time of Livy it appears to have been only a fort — castellmn (Herod, t. 98 ; viL 25, 59, 105 ; Steph. B. «. 9. ; Liv. zzzL 16; Plin. iv. 18; Pomp. MeL ii. 2). The nsighbouriiood of D<k riscus is now called the plain of Romigik, [L. S.] D<yRIUM (AflJpioF), a town of Messenia, cele- brated in Homer as the place where the bard Tha- myris was smitten with blindness, because he boasted that he could surpass the Muses in singing. (Horn. IL ii. 599.) Strabo says that some persons said Dorium was a mountain, and others a frfain; hut there was no trace of the place in his time, althoagb some identified it with a place called OInris (^OAmo- ptt) or Olnia ^OKwpa), in the district of Messenia named Anion. (Strab. viiL p. 350.) Pansanias, how- ever, places the ruins of Dorium on the load from Andania to Cypaiissda. After leaving Andania, he first came to Polichne; and after crossing the rirefs Electra and Coeus, he reached the fountain of Achaia and the ruins of Dorium. (Pans. iv. 33. § 7.) The plain of Sulimd appears to be the district of the Homeric Dorium. (Lsake, Morea^ vol L p. 484; Curtius, Pehpomtetos^ vol. ii. p. 154.) DORO'STOLUM. [Durostordm.] DCRTICUM iAofntK6v), a town of Moesia, mtuated to the northwest of the month of the river Timaeus. It is identified with the modem Deetf near Blasca. (Ptol. iiL 9. § 4; Prooopw De Aedif. iv. 6; Itin. Ant 219; Geogr. Rav. iv. 7, where it is erroneously called dortiamk) [L. S.] DORUS. [DoBA.] DORYLAEUM (Aop^aiov: Etk AopvAocfo, Dorylensis), a town in Phrygia. Steph. B. («.«.) names it Doryladum (Ao/>oXi«or), and obaerves that Demosthenes calls it Dorylaeura. Strabo (p. 576) also calls it Dorylaeum. Mdneke (ed. Ste}>h. B. t. V. Aofwkiftov) has a note on the orthography of the word and the passage of Enstathius (ad Dion^, Perieg. 815). But it is doubtful if he is right in correcting the text of Enstathius, which, as it stands, makes also a form Ao^AActov, and so it stands in some editions of Ptolemy (v. 2), who men- tions it as a city of Phiygia Magna in hia division of Asia. Meineke conjectures tiie Demosthoies whom Stephanos cites to be the Bithynian, and that he used the form Dorylaeum to suit his metre. The Lsdn form in Pliny (v. 29) is Doiylaeimi, Doiylaum, or Doryleum ; doubtfiil which. The cunns, which are ony of the imperial period, have the epigimph Aepv-. Xawy. Dorylaeum is JEski^tkekt (Leake, Ana Mmor, p^ 18), which *' is traversed by a small stream, whidi at the foot of the hills joins the Punet, or ancient Thymbres: this river rises to the Booth of Kvtdya, passes by that city, and joioB the San- garius, a four hours to the north-east of Etki- skehr." The hot baths of JE:«iiin«AeAr are mentioned by Athenaeus, and the water is described as being very pleasant to drink (ii. p. 43). There were ancient roads from Dorylaeum to Philadelphia, to Apameia Cibotus, to Laodiceia Combusta and loo- nium, to Genua, and to Pessinus: "a odncidenoe whidi (thdr remote extremities being neariy certain) will not apply to any point but EM^M^f «r some