Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/38

 DITTANT. Ditattiom maj be a place called OUif where there are some renoains, not far from PassttvatU, Some geographers place DiUttiam at Dole on the Zhuba; others again identify Ditattium with the rains on the hill oi Vieux Seurre, about a league SW. of Seurre, All tiua is mere guess, and a sample of trifling; for there is nothing at all to determine the question. [G. L.] DITTANI. [Celtibkrxa]. DIUM. 1. (ATov: Eth. Aii^f, Steph. B.; Scyl. p. 26 ; Strab. yii. p. 330), a citj which, though not large (v^Aur/io, Thnc iv. 78), was considered as one of the leading towns of MaoedonJa, and the great bulwark of its maritime frontier to the S. Brasidas was conducted to this place, which is described as being in the territories of Perdiccas, bj his Perrhae- bian guides, over the pass of Mt Olympus. It suf- fered considerably daring the Social War from an incnrnoQ of the Aetdians, under their strategus Scopes, who raxed the walls, and almoet demolished the d^ itself (Polyb. iy. 28) ; an outrage which Philip and the Maoedooians afterwards amply avenged by their attack on the Aetolian capital (Polyb. V. 9). In the war against PerBensDium had, it appears, completely recovered from ^t disaster; for in B. c. 169 it was occupied by Perseus, who un- accountably abandoned his strong position on the approach of the consul. Q. Marcius Philippus, how- ever, remained there only a short time; and Perseus returned to Dium, af%er having repaired the damage which the walls of the city had received from tiie Bomans. (Lir. xliv. 7.) At a later period it became a Roman colony. (Plin. iv. 10; PtoL iii. IS. § 15.) Leake {NoHhim Greece, toL iii. pp^ 408, fiolL) has discovered the site near Mciaihria, in a position which agrees with the statements of the Itineraries (/IM. Anttm.; PeuL Tab,), and Pausanias (iz. SO. §8). In the space between the village and the sources of the Baphtbus he found some remains of a stadium and theatre; the stone-work which formed the seats and supentmcturs of these monuments no longer exists, except two or three squared masses outside the theatre. The original form and dimen- sions are sufficiently preserved to show that the stadium was equal m length to the other buildings of that kind in Greece, and that the theatre was about 250 feet in diameter. Bek>w the theatre, on the edge of the water, are the foundations of a large building, and a detached stone which seems to have belonged to a flight of steps. Some foundations of the walls of the city can be just seen, and one se- pulchral ** stele "* was found. Dium, though situated in a most unhealthy spot, was noted for its splendid buildings and the multitude of its statues. (Liv. I e.) Without the town was the temple of Zeus Olympius from which Dium received its name, and here were celebrated the public games called Olympia instituted by Archelans. (Died. xvii. 16; Steph. B. s. 9. Awy.) The theatre and stadium served doubUeasly for that celebration. Alexander placed here the group of 25 chieftains who fell at the battle of Graniens, — the work of Lysippus. (Arrian, Anab, L 16.) Q. Metelltts, after his victory over the Pseudo-Philip, transferred this *' chef d'oeuvre " (** turma statuarum equestrium," Yell. i. 1 1) to Rome. Coins of the " Coionia " of Dium are extant, usually with the type of a standing Pallas. (Eckhel, voL ii. p. 70.) .2. Adtyinthepeninsulaof Acte (Herod, vii. 32; Thuc. iv. 109; Strab. viL pu 331), which Scylax, coasting from Torone, put before Thyssus and Gleonae. The statements of Herodotus and Thucy- DIVODURUM. 779 dides difler from that of the Periplus, ss they tend to place Dium on the N. coast But as they all agree in showing that it was the nearest town to the isthmus, — in which Stnbo concurs, — it is very possible that Dium was neither on the N. nor S. shore of the peninsula, but on the W.; perhaps the pro- montory of Pkstjfj in the Gulf- of Eriuo. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 151.) [£. B. J.] DIUM (Aioif &Kpoy, Ptol. iii. 17. § 7), a promon- tory of Crete on the K. coast, where the island has its greatest breadth. Pliny (iv. 20) speaks of an inland town of this name (oomp. Euseb. Praep. Ev, V. 81), which probably, however, was situated in the neighbourhood of this headland, which is now called Kdoo Stravrd (Hock, KretOf vol. i. pp. 394, 398). [E. B. J.] DIUM (Aiby), a town in the KW. of Euboea near the promontory Cenaeum, from which Canae in Aeolis is said to have been a colony. Dium is men- ticHied by Homer. (Horn. 77. ii. 538 ; Strab. x. p. 446 ; PUn. iv. 12; Ptol. iii. 15. § 25.) DIUE ( Aiovp), the name given by Ptolemy (iv. 1 § 12) to one of the branch chains of the Atlas system of mountuns, in Mauretania Tiogitana; it appears to be the range which runs NW. from about the sources of the river Mahra to the Straits. Pto- lemy (iv. 1. § 3) mentions a river of the same name, having its mouth dose to Mons Solis, probably the Wad-eUGored, [P. S.] DIVA (Alova: the J>ee'), a river in Korth Bri- tain, mentioned by Ptolemy as falling into the Ger- manic Ocean, between the promontory of the Texalae (^Kmnaird Head) and the aestuaiy of the Tava (Toi^oi). [R.G.L.] DIVITIA (DetOz), a fort opposite to Coionia Agripixna {Cologne), which was erected for the purpose of |nvtecting the bridge across the Bhine, and was occupied by a permanent garrison (mUitet DwWenaee ; Amm. Marc. xxvi. 7, xxvii. 1 .) In the middle ages it was called Duma, whence the modem name Deiuz, [L. S.] DIVODUllUM {Atov6Bovpow: Metz), was the capital of the Mediomatrid, a people of Gallia, whose territory in CaesaPs time extended to the Rhine (B, G. iv. 10). It is the only town of the Medio- matrid which Ptolemy mentions (ii. 9. § 12); and it occurs with this name in the Antonine Itin. on the road finom Treviri {Trier, Trhet) to Argentoratum {Strateburg), It occun in the Table in the form Divo Dnrimedio Matricorum, where the error is easily corrected. As is usual with Gallic towns, it took the name of the people, and it is called Mediomatrice by Amnuanus Marcellinus (xviL 1). The modem name Meto is from Mettis, a conrupted form which came into use in the fifth century. In the Notitia of the parovinces of Gallia, we find ** Civitas Medio- matricorum Mettis" mentioned after Treviri, the metropolis of Belgica Prima. Meiz, in France in the department of MoeeUe, is situated at the junction of the MoeeUe and the Seille, from which circumstance the town probably takes its name, for the first part of the word DivoNduram means ** two." In a. d. 70 the sddiers of Vitellius, who had been recdved by the people of Divoduram in a friendly manner, suddenly through fear or some other cause fell on the unresisting inhabitants and killed 4000 of them. (Tadt. Hisi. L 63.) Divo- duram was an important place on account of its podtian. Julian after his victoiy over the Alamanni at Strat^mrg sent his booty to Divodurum for safo keepmg. MeU was ruined by the Huns in the fifth