Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/360

 HYDATA. . p» 698), «od foaght the great battle with Poms', founding, aher ita sQCoesafal tennination, two diiea in comineinontion of it, — Nicaea (now BektU f) and Bucepbala. (Arrian, Amab. ▼. 19.) Arrian re- marks that the Hydaspee, on flowing into the Aceunes, lost ita name; bat that the Acesines, after receiving the Hydraotee, preeerred ita title unchanged (vi. 14; Curt. ix. 4). The river leema to have been con- sidered one of great size by the historians of Alex- suider*s invasion, as it is stated that Alexander saw crocodiles on its buiks. (Strab. xv. p. 696.) Hauy 'wonderful stories seem to have been related about it l>y the poets, whence Horace speaks of " fabulosus Hydaspes " {Carm. I 2S. 8). Virgil calls it '* Me- dns Hydaspes" {Gtorp* iv. 211), using Medus in the general sense of eastern. Ptoleniy calls it Bi- daspes {hMamis^ viL 1. 26), which is nearer to its native name than the more eonunon Greek appel- lation. [V.] HyDATA CTJoto, PtoL iii. 8. § 9), a town in Bacia, which has been identified with KwrU Ard- schitch in WaUachia, (KSppen, Nachr. von emigen in Ungam, SiOenburgen, hefindHehen AU,^ Wien, 1823, p. 19.) [E. B. J.] HYDE, a town of uncertain site, on the frontier between Cappadocia and GaU^ia. (PIuu v. 25; Hie- mcl. pw 675: OonciL Ghalced. p. 526.) [L. S.] HYDISSA CY<ur(ra), a small town in Garia, respecting the site of which nothing is known, ex- cept that it was situated on the east of Mylassa. (Ptol. V. 2. § SO; Staph. B. s,v. •Wuraoj; Plin. v 29.) [L. S.] HYDRA (*T5pa), a promontory on the south of the gulf of Elaea in Aeolis, fomiing the south-wes- tern comer of the bay, and now called Cape Fokia. (Stnb. xiiL p. 622 ; Ptol. t. 2. § 6.) [L. S.] HYDRA. [Abtoua, p. 64, a.] HYDRAMUM CT«p«i«w, Stadiamn.; 'T^pa/jJa, Steph. B.: EilL 'TSpafucFf), a dty of Grete, which the Blaritime Itinerary places at 100 stadia to the E. of Amphimatrium. There can be no doubt but that it is represented by the modern S&kian village of DhrdnUOf situated in the fertile little plain run- ning between the mountains and the shore along the bay of Amphimalla. (Pashley, Trav. vol i. p. 72; Hock, Kreta, vol. i. pp. 395, 434.) [E. B. J.] HYDRAaTES (Tapo^f, Arrian, Anab, vi. 8, 13, 14, JiuL c. 3), a river of the Ponjai, which flows nearly SW. from the lower chain of the western Simdleh mountains till it joins the Acesinee (CAe- ffd6). Its Sanscrit name is rracaU^ which has been slightly modified into its present appellation of the RaxL According to Arrian, the river joined the Acesines in the territory of the Gambistholi, after having already received as tributaries the Hyphasis (now Vipd$a)^ the Saranges, and the Neudrus. {Ind, c 4.) This is not strictly correct, as the Hyphasis fifclls into the AceSines somewhat below the By- draoUt, Strabo calls this river Hyarotis ('Topdrii, zv. pp. 694 — 697), which is perhaps the nearest to the form of the native name. Gurtius, on the other hud, writes Hydmotes (ix. 1. § 13). Ptolemy apeaks of a river he calls the Adris or Roadiis, which is probably the same stream (vii. 1. §§ 26, 27). [v.] HYDREA (T5p^: Eih,*rtp9^si Bydra),h amail ishmd off the coast of Hermionb and Troe- aenia. It originally belonged to the inhabitants of Hermione, who gave the ishmd to the Samian exiles instead of money, and the latter pawned it to the Troezenians. (Hecat. ap. Steph, B. A v.; Herod. tfYDRimrUM. 1101 iii. 59; Pans. ii. 34. § 9.) Hydrea, which is rarely mentioned in antiquity, became in modem times the head-quarters of Grecian commerce and the cradle of modem Gredan freedom. Although Bydra is only a few miles in circumference, so rocky as scarcely to yield the common vegetables, and with no water except what is collected in cisterns, it attained by its commerce an extraordinary degree of prosperity. Before the Greek revolution it had a wealthy population of more than 25,000 souls, and upwards of 300 trading vessels. But the losses which the Hydriotes experienced gave a blow to their prosperity from which they have never re- covered. (HolUmd, TravtU, vol. ii. p. 202, 2nd ed.; Bobkye, MechercheSy ^. p. 63; Leake, Pejopoi*- fiestdca, p. 284, seq.; Gurtius, Peloponnetott vol. ii. p. 456.) HYDREXA (*1(V}Xa), a town in Garia, said to have been founded by Hydrelus, one of three bro- thers who emigrated from Sparta. (Stnb. xiv. p. 650; Steph. B. s, v. Liv. xxxvii. 56.) The By^ drdUae, no doubt the people of Hydrela (Plin. v. 29), belonged to the conventus of Gibyra. [L. S.] HYDRIAGUS ('TSpiaic^s), a small stream which ran into the sea idong the coast of Gedrosia, which is mentioned by name by Mardan (p. 22) and Ptolemy (vi. 8. § 8). [V.] ' HYDRUNTUM, called in Greek and sometimes also m Latin HYDRUS ^rBpovs : Eth. 'rBpo^ios; Hydruntinus, but an inscription has Hudrentinns: Otranio), a dty of Gahihria, on the coast of the Adriatic, and a port of considerable importance, for which it was indebted to the drcumstance of its bang the nearest point of Italy to the coast of Greece, the passage being shorter even than that from Brun - dusium. (Gic. ad Att. zr, 21.) We have very little information as to its early history; but it seems pro- bable that it was a Greek dty, or at least had re- cdved a Greek oolmy, though the tradition related by Stephanus of Byzantium («. 9. B/eivor), which represented it as founded by Gretans, is probably connected with the legends which ascribed a Gretan origin to the Sallentines and Messapians, rather than to any hittorical Greek colony. But Scylax dis- tinctly notices '* the port of Hydrus," in a passage where be is speaking only of Greek towns (Scyl. p. 5. § 14); and though he there seems to imply that it was not an indepradent city like Metapontnm or Tarentum, he elsewhere (p. 11. § 27) calls it ir^it ir rf *laMvyif: hence it seems highly probable that it was at that time merely a dependency of Tarentum. Nor do we hear anything of Hydrontum for some time after it had fidlen, with the rest of the Messapian pen- insula, under the Roman yoke; the establishment of the Rmnan colony at Brundudum and the increadng importance of that port having, doubtless, tended to throw Hydruntum into the shade. But as early as B. G. 191 we find that it was a customary place of landing in Italy, for those who caipe from Greece and crossed over from Gorcyra (Liv. xxxvl. 21); and this probably continued to be a route much fre- quented, while Brandusium was the point of com- munication with ApoUonia and the coast of Epirus. Gicero, however, recognises the foot, that the shortest passage from Italy to the oppoute coast was from Hydruntum, which for that reason he himself seems to have preferred to Brandunum; though Pliny tella us that the latter route, though longer, was the safer of the twa (Cic. ad AtL xr. il^ xvi. 6, ad Fam. xvi 9 ; Plin. iii. 11. s. 16.) All the an- I dent geographers mentioa Hydnmtum as situated