Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/359

 1100 HYBLA. out saeeesft (Id. ri. 76, 94.) After this' «b hear nothing more either of Megan or HybU until the Second Punic War, when the former ie mentioned as a small town which was oocaped by the Syra- Cttsans daring their hostile operations against Mar- oellus, and was in consequence taken by assaalt, plondered, and destroyed by that general, b. c. 214. (LiT. xziT. 30, 35.) A small town seems, however, to liave again grown up npon the site: Cicero notices it under the name of M^aris, but calls it only " a place" near Syracuse, without indicating that it was a town ; but both Mela and Pliny dis- tinctly call it such. TCic. Verr, v. 25 ; Plin. iii. 8. s. 14; Mel. ii. 7. § 16.) Strabo, on the other hand, says that the city of Megara no longer existed, but the name of Hybla still remained: and Pansa- Bias speaks of the latter as a village in the territory of Gatana. (Strab. Ti. p. 267 ; Paus. y. 23. § 6.) The inference which we may probably draw Axnn these contradictory statements is, that there was a small pUce on the spot which was sometimes known as Megara, sometimes as Hybla. The latter name, as Strsbo tells us, still retained some celebrity finom the fame of the Hyblaean honey, which was pro- duced on the neighbouring hills, and the praises of which are sum; by the Latin poets. (Strab. /. e. ; t7 Virg. Eel I i|5, tii. 37 ; Grid, Trut v. 13. 22, ( Ex. PofU. iT.'15. 10 ; SU. Ital. xiv. 199.) Pausanias appears to apply to this Hybla the epithet of Gerefttis (rcpcarif), which must cer- tainly be the same wwd with the rcXcarif of Thu- cydides (vi. 62), though (as ahready observed) the latter author seems to give the name to the Aet- naean Hybla: the circumstances of the campaign rendering it highly improbable that the Megaraean Hybla can be Uiere meant^ even if there was any such place then in existence. But Stephanus also gives the name of Galeotae to the citizens of M^ara •Hyhlaea ('TjSXa ij iwcpk, ^i ol woAirai *TfiKouoi raA.cc!rrcu Meyopcis, Stepb. B. v. *T/8a): and these Galeotae are noticed by Cicero, on the autho- rity of Philistns, as celebrated for their skill in the interpretation of dreams (Cic de Divm, L 20), a quali^ which Pausanias expressly ascribes, on the iom^ authority, to the inhabitants of Hybla Gereatis. (Paus. V. 23. § 6.) We seem, therefore, compelled to admit that these .Galeotae were the native or Siculian inhabitants of the territory in which Megara was founded : and it seems at least highly probable that there always existed a Siculian town rf Hybla, distinct from the Greek city of Megara, though of course dependent upon the Utter in the days of its power. But the passage of Pausanias as it stands, is so confused (if not corrupt) that it is difficult to rely on it : and he himself admits the confusion that frequently existed between the two cities of the name, and which prevented him from pronouncing positively which of them it was that bad dedicated offerings at Olympia. (Paus. I. c.) The site of the Megaraean HybU appears to be clearly fixed near the mouth of the little river Cantairo^ the ancient Alabus, a small stream flowing into the Sinus M^arensis: a short distance from its right bank, Fazello describes the ruins of a con- siderable town as visible in Ills day, but in D*Orville*s time there remained only very slight and uncertain vestiges. (Fazell. de lUib Sic, vL 4. p. 159 ; D*Or- ville, SictdOf p. 172.) Cluverius follows Fazello in regarding the«e as the remains of the Greek colony of Megara, but there seems much reason to suppose tliat that city was ^tuated nearer to the modern HTDASPESL Agotta. [Hboaba.] The nei^hboiirins ^^Q>g* of MeUUi is supposed by local writers to have d»- rived its name firam the hooey of the Hyblaiean kilis, in the midst of which it is situated. 3. The third dty of the name, called bj Stepha- nus " the Less " {"T$Ka ii iimnf% and vxnmaA Hbba or Hkbaea ^H^ 'H/iaia), is modi the least known of the three. No allusian to it b ftnad in Pausanias, where he is distingwishing the other two cities of the name, nor in any of the geaga- phere: but we And in the Itinenvies a town of HybU^ placed on the line of road from. Syracuae t» Agrigentum, which is certainly distinct from hi4h the preceding, and can therefore be do otlier tha the third Hybla of Stephanus. It was atnatei according to the Itineraries, 18 miks from Aexac (PalazBolo)y on the road to Agrigmtom, bat Us precise site has not been identified. (^Iti^ Ani.y.9d Tab. PeuL), A passage in which Cicero epnks «f a town called Hei«, in Sidly (ad AtL ii. 1. §5), baa been thought to refer to this town; but tbe radiiig is very doubtful. The circumstance that there were so nuoiy tow called Hybk in Sicily probably arose finxm the fact mentioned by Pausanias, that there was a local divinity of the name. (Pans. v. 23. § 6.) [E.H3.] HY'GCARA or HY'GARA (*Ticicapa, Thac; small town on the K. coast of Sicily betwMs Pls- normus and the port of Segesta. ThucTdides t^ us it was a Sieanian town; and it appean to have been independoit of, and on hostile tenoas with, the neighbouring city of Selesta. Hence, doiii^ tbs Athenian expedition to Sicily, b.c. 415, Niciaa,aB he was proceeding with the fleet along tlie N. coast of the island, landed at Hyccara, whj<3i be took and plundered, and afterwards made it over to the Segestans. (Thuc. vL 62; Diod. xiiL 6.) The Atibenians are said to have realised 100 taleols by the booty thus acquired : among the captives takta on this occasion was the celebrated ooDrtesaa LaiN then a mere child, who was carried to Corinth and there sold as a slave. (Pint A%. 15, Aldb.Si; Athen. xiil p. 589 ; Pans, ii 2. § 5 ; Sbefb. fi. 9. V, "TKOfM ; SchoL in Aritloph, Pb^ 179.) No subsequent notice of Hyccara is found in history: it probably continued to be but a smaU place, and a mere dependency of Segesta or Panonnna : bat it did not cease to exist, for its name reappeara in the Itinerary of Antoninus (pp. 91, 97), which places it M. P. from Panormos, proceeding ^oog the oosst to the westward. This distance coincides with a pbee called Jtfaro di Carnd, where, acooiding to Faxelki, the ruins of an ancient town were stiU visible in hs time. The modem town of Cortru (the name of which is probably derived from that of Hyccara) has been removed to a distance of three nuka inland. (FazeU. de Eeb, StcviLS; Clnver. SnL p. 272.) [E. H- B.J HYDASPES CTBJunnii, Strab. xv. p. 686; Plm. vi. 20. s. 23 ; Mehi, iii. 7. 6 ; Curt iv. 5 ; Dion. Perieg. V. 1139), one of the principal rivers of that part of India called the Panjab. It rises in the north-western Himdleh mountains in Ka/thmiry and, after flowing nearly S., falls into the Acesines or Chen&h. Its Sanscrit name was VitagtA^ which is probably preserved in that of one of its modfcm titles, of the river of BehuU Its present most usual name is Jelum, It was on the banks of this river that Alexander built his fleet of timber which he procured from the Mantes Emodi (western Simdkk') (StraL
 * T<ca^ Diod., gteph. B. : Etk. Ttcdpan^ Id.), a