Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/358

 HYANTES. XirSf fi wfolntuyr (Xeu. ffett -i 4. § iT), which is inppiMed hj mmv to be tha nms place ai Clttinu. > Tlllags belonpog to Hfunpalis. (Pint. de VirL MvL p. 244; ViJcken. ad Hired. Tilt. SB.) Id B. c 347 a baltle vu fmght near Hfampolli betwHii the Boeotiani and Phociani. (Diod, itL SG.) The cit; is uid to have been destmyed bf Pbilip ; bnt, aa Ftiiniiias aUtea tbaC the ancient a^DTs, Knale-boou, and theatre wen still renuin- iHK in his time, it mnit bale been cbieflj tfae fbrtifi- caliona which were destniTed bj PhilijL At >i] rrenta it txintinned to be an lolubiled city^ and is mentioned in the Bcman vara in Greece. (Lii. xxiiL 18.) It wai ambelligbed bj Hadriin with a Stoa. Paiuanias mendnns alao a temple of Artemis, who was the deity chieflj worahipped in the dtT. (Paai. I. SS. §§ 8, 7.) Plinj (it. 7. i. 12) and Plolemj (ill. 15. § 30) erroneoiislj describe Hjain- polis as a city of Boeotia, The niina of HysmpoUs may be Men apon a beiRht about Sn minntea northward of the village of Vogdiam. " The entire cireut of the fortilk^ tiaa is tnceahle, bnt they ai« moat tsmpleta on the wsnern iide. The masoaiy is of the third older, nearly approachmg lo the most regnlar kind. The drcumference Is abont three-quarttn of a mile. The diiKt diilance to this ruin from the aiiinniit of Atiae is not more than a mile and a half in a north-west direction. Below Vogdhrini, on the lida of a sleep bwnk which fklls to the Tslley r* Khibm, a tonn- tain isaaing from the roclc is discharged through twoiponts into a atone reatrrdr of ancient construe- tion, which ilands piobably in its onjKinftI place.' (Leake, AVrtent Greece, 'ol. ii. pp. 167, seq.) Stiabo relatM (t. c) that there was another town, named Hyampolis, in Pboda, situated on Par- HY ANTES CTavT(t), are mentioned among the &bari):iiial iobabitanls of Boeotia, who were dritvn oat of thb eDUDtry by the Cadinetana, whermpon they fbonded the town of Hyampolia in Phocia. (Paus.ii.5. S 1,11.36. §5: Strab. rii. p. 321, ii. pp.401, 421, 1, p. 4G4.) HYBLA ('*r^Aa; ElX. Tja^aSn, Hyblensis, bnt the adjective ..form is Hybiaeos), ia the name of no less tbui three cities of Sicily, which are often con- founded with each other, and which it is sometiinea Tcry difficult to distingalsh. 1. The largest and most oonsiderable of (he three, tbence called for distinctiDn's sake Ifg^la Mcgor or Magna ('TflAa ii /ulfui', Staph. B.; Patu. T. 23 g G ; on coins *TMa UtfiXi) : Eckhel, ToL i. p, 316), was sitnateJ OD the aouthem slope of Mount Aetna, not far &om the riTer Symaethos. Hence it ia described by Pansanias (in "Iiim time it hsd eeaaol to be an independent ci^) as utuaCed in the tenilory of Catana (/r if Korai-ol^ L c). In like manner, we find it noticed by Thucydidn u a place between Catana and Centnripa, so that the Athenians, on their retnm from an eipedition to Um latter city, larsged the com fields of lbs lon- saeani and Hyblaeans. (Thuc tI. 96). It was dearly a Sicalian city; and hencx, at an earlier period, it ia memjoned among the other towns of that peoi^e in the interior of the island which Dncetids anight lo unite into a common league, a measare to which the Hyblanns alone refused to accede. (Diod. xL 88). It is quite clear that, in all the aboTB passagea, the Ailnatan Uybla ia the one meant : and it seems probable that (he city of Hf bla, which was mltacked b; the Alheuan* sow HYBLA. 1099 after their landing in Scily (Tbiio. Ti', 62), hot without snccesa, wsa no other, thongh Tbucydidea calls it HjbU Gelntis i^~t$Xn i, rtAe^u), an epthet which has been generally snppnced to belong to the second city of the name. (See Ko. S.) During the Second Pnoic War, U^j manUona Hybia as ons (^ the towns that were induced to leTolt lo the Carthaginians in b. c. 211, bnt were quickly recoTcred by the Roman ptsalor U. Cor- nelius. (LiT. iiTi. 21.) In the time of Ciceio the Hyblenses (eridently the poopio of the Aetnaean city) appear as a considerable mantcipd commu- nitT, with a territory fertile in com (Cic. Ferr. iii. 43): and HybU is one of the fkw phicst in tha inlerior of Scily which Pompnnins Mela Chinks worthy of mention. Its name ia also found both in Pliny, who reckons it among the " populi s^pen- diarii" of Che island, and in Ptolemy. Hence it is strange IbaC Pansanias appeani to speak of it as m his time atlerly desolate. The passage, how. erer, is altogether so oonfiieed that it is tctj difficult to say of ahich HybU he is there speaking. (Mel. ii. 7. % 16; Plin. iii. 8. s. 14 ; PtoL iii. 4. § 14 ; Pans. •. 23. § 6.) We find no Istei notice tt it, though an insciiption of Chri>Cian times found at Catans appsra to refer to Hyhls aa atill existing under its ancient mune. (Caslell. Inter. SieiL p. 253, no. 42.) The site cannot be fixed with certaioty : but the poeiiion suggested by CluTerins, at PaUntd (about 12 miles from Catania), is probable enough, and derives strong cimfiimation from tha discoiery in that city of an altar dedicated " Veneri Victrici 2 HybIa, called by SlejAanua the Lille" (4 /lutpi), and by Pansanias Hybia GereStis (* Ttpti- Tit, Pans. T. 23, § 6), "u intunately conneded, - if not ideotical, with the Greek colmy of MEQAitA, which thence deriTed the name of Meqara Hy- BURA. There is coniideiable discrepancy between tha diSerent accounU of the foundation of that colony [Ukqara], bnt all agne that it was foimdeil in the territory, if not exactly on the site, of the Sicnlian town of HybU, (Thue. tL 4 ; Sliah. Ti. p. 267; Scymn. Ch. 277; SerT. ad Virg. EcL i. SS.) M^jara wsa destroyed by Gelon of Syracuse after it hsd subsisted 245 yean, and its inhabitants expelled or lemored elsewhere, (Thue, I c.) Its territory was naturally incorporated with that of Syracuse, snd the site of the city itself sppara to haTe remained desolate till the Athenian eipedkii>n to Sicily, B. c. 415, when we find Lamaohus judi- ciously proposing tc occupy it ss tha naval station of the Athenisn fleet (Thnc. tS. 49.) Bnt this advice was overruled, and the next apring the Syra- cnsans erected a foit lor the protecttoo ti the site, which the Aiheniani repeatedly attacked, but with-