Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/331

 10^2 HIPPtJROS. Then and AnmgoB. (SchoL ad ApolL Bhod, 17. 17n;Mela,il7;PIiiLir. 12.8. 23; Stqkfa. B.«.v. 'IirTovpi<rir<{f.) HIPPU'ROS (Plin. tL 22. 8. 24), a haven in the soathem part of India, near or perhaps opposite to the island of Ceykm, to which Anninii PlocMunnii, a freedman of Claadius, was driven in a gale of wind from the coast of Garmania. The present represent tative of it is not |uiown. [V.] HIPPUS ClTjrof, Steph. B. Plin. ▼. 15; Euseh. Onom.: Eth, 'linnipSt)^ a town of the Decapolis and ^* Palaestina Secnnda." It was aitnated to the £. of the sea of GaUlee, 30 sUdia from Tiberias {TSba^ Hya). (Joseph. Ftte, § 65.) Augustus presented it to Herod (Joseph. Antiq. xt. 7. § 3). After his death it was annexed to Syria {Antiq. xvii. 2. § 4; comp. Marquardt, ffandlnteh der Ram. Alt p. 201). It was sacked in the Jewish War by the Jews (B./. it 18. § I), bat the people afterwards re- volted, and slew many of the Jews (^B,J, ii. 18. §5). The district Hippene ('Imri^, B. J. iii. 3. § 1 ; comp. Vita, §31) lay to the E. of Galilee. There were bishops of Hippos at the councils of Seleaceia A. D. 359, and of Jerusalem a. d. 536. Burkhardt (TVav. p. 278) has the merit of having discovered the site of the ancient Hippos, which he fixes at Khurbet et'Svmrah, an hour from Semakh. (Comp. Robinson, Researches, vol. iii. p. 264, note.) (Reland, Palaestina^ vol. ii. p. 821 ; Von Ranmer, Pakstina, p. 242.) [E. B. J.] HIPPUS, a town in Caria, mentioned only by Pomponius Mela (i. 17), who places it near the mouth of the Maeander, whence some have inferred that the name is a mere mistake for Myos; it must, however, be observed that Pliny (v. 29) speaks of a peqtle in Carta called Hippini or Halydenses, though he places them in a difierent part of the country. [L. S.] HIPPUS Clwwpy, Ptol. T. 9; Plin. vi. 4), a river of Colchis, the embouchure of which the Periplus of Arrian (p. 10) fixes at 150 stadia from that of the Tarsurss. Rennell (^Compar. Geog. vol. ii. p. 322) has identified it with the Ilori. [E. B. J.] HIRPl'NI ('Ipiriyoi,Pol.; 'Ip«r^oi, Strab. App.), a people of Central Italy, of Samnite race, and who were often regarded as constituting only a portion of the Samnite people, while at other times they are treated as a dii^tinct and independent nation. They inhabited the southern portion of Samnium, in the more extensive sense of that name, ^ a wild and mountainous region bordering on Lncania towards the S., on Apulia to the E., and on Campania towards the W. No marked natural boundary separated them from any one of these neighbouring nations; but they occupied the loftiy masses and groups of the central Apennines, while the plains on each side, and the lower ranges that bounded them, belonged to their more fortunate neighbours. The mountein basin formed by the three tributaries of the Vul- tumus, — the Tamarus {Tamard), the Calor (Co- lore), and the Sabatus {Sahbaio), v^hich unite their waters near Beneventum, with the valleys of these rivers themselves, surrounded on all sides by lofty and rugged ranges of mountains, — may be regarded as constituting the centre and heart of their terri- tory; while its more sonth^n portion comprised the upper valley of the Aufidus and the lufty group of mountains in which that rirer takes its rise. Their name was derived, according to the statement of an- cient writers, from " hirpus," the Sabine or Samnite HIRPINL name of a wolf* and, m acooHaaee with tins derivm- tion, their finst ancestors were represented as boag guided to their new aettlemente by a wqI£. (Stiak V. p. 250; Serv. ad Aen. xL 785.) This trMUitMi appears to indicate that the Hirpini w«re legai d ed as having migrated, like the other SabelBam am in the S. of Italy, firm more northerly abodes; Int we have no indication of the period, or auy y mt sA period, of this migration, and, from tlieir positioB in the fiistnesses ef the central Apemiiaes, it ia pn^ bable that they were established from a vrrj oiriy time in the r^ioo which we find them o c cmj y ing when they first appear in history. The early history of the Hirpini cannot be w- parated from that of the Samnites in genenL la- deed it is remarkable that their name does not can occur in history during the hmg protracted stra^k between the Romans and the Samnite eonfedencT. though their territory was often the theatre cf iht war, and several of their dties, espedallj Mafe- ventum, are repeatedly mentiooed as bearing an iD>* portant part in the military operatioiia of both powers. Hence it is evident that the Hirpini at this time formed an integral part of the Samnite kagae, and were included by the Roman annalists (vhoss language on such pointe Ldvy follows with aeni- pulous fidelity) under the general name o^ f^amwiH* without attempting to distinguish between the a»> veral tribes of that people. For the same xeasoo we are unable to fix the exact period at which tfadr subjugation was efiected; but it is evident thatk must have been completed before the year 268 & c, when the Roman colony was estabUshed at Bene- ventum (Liv. EpiL XV.; Veil. Pat. i. 14), a positia that must always have been, in a military poiat si view, the key to the possession of their ooontij. In the Second Punic War, on the contrary, Ihs Hirpini ap[iear as an independent people, actii^ apart from the rest of the Samnites; Livj cvn expressly uses the name of Samnitim in oontiadi^ tinction to the land of the Hirpini. (Lir. xxn. IS, xxiii. 43.) The latter people was ooe of these which declared in favour of Hannibal immcdiatdy after the battle of Cannae, B.C. 216 (Id. xxiL 61, xxiii. 1); but the Roman colony of BcneveatiOB never fell into the bands of the Carthaginian geacnl, and as early as the following year three of the smaller towns of the Hirpini were recoT«red bj t^ Roman praetor M. Valerius (Id. xxiii. 37). la B. c. 214 their territory was the scene of the <^iea> tions of Hanno against Tiberius Gracchus, and agsjm in B. c. 212 of those of the same Carthaginian ge- )ieral with a view to the relief of Capua. (Id. xxir. 14—16, XXV. 13, 14.) It was not till b.g. 209, when Hannibal had lost all footing in the ceatx« of Italy, that the Hirpini were induced to make their submission to Rome, and purchased favourable tenns by betraying the Carthaginian garrisons in their towns. (Id. xxvii. 15.) Tlie next occasion on which the Hirpini figure ia histor}' is in the Social War (b. a 90), when they were among the first to take up arms against Rome: but in the campaign of the following year (b. c 89), SulU having taken by assault Aec-ulanum, one of their strongest cities, the blow struck such temr into the rest as led them to make oilers of submis- sion, and they were admitted to favonrable terms. (Appian, B. C. i. 39, 51.) Even before this thcis appears to have been a party in the nation faTonrahlfl to Rome, as we are told that ilinatius Magins (the ancestor of the historian Velleius), who was a native