Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/321

 1062 HEROOPOLITES SINUS. xvi. 759, 768, zvii. 803, 804; Arrian, Exp. Alex, iii. .5, vii. 20 ; Joseph. AnL Jud, u. 7. § 5 ; PUn. T. 9. § 11, vi. 32. § 33: Mela, iii. 8; Steph. B. : v.; Ptol. 'ii. 1. § 6, iv. 15. § 54), a citj east of the Delta, situated near the month of the Bojal Canal which connected the Nile with the Red Sea. Al- though not immediately upon the coast, but nearlj due N. of the Bitter Lakes, Heroopolis was of suf- ficient importance, as a trading station, to confer its name upon the arm of the Bed Sea CHpoMnro- Xirtit iroAvof, Ptol. v. 17. § 1) which mns up the Egyptian mainland as far as ArsinoS (5fies) {k6K' wos 'Hpd^y). (Theophrast. Hist Plant iii. 8.) It was the capital of the Nomoe Heroopolites or Arsinoites. (Orelli, Jnscr. LaL no. 516.) The ruins ci Heroopolis are still visible st AbU'Keytcheid. (Champollion, LEqypU, toI. ii. p. 88.) [W. B. D.] HEROOPOLI'TES SINUS. [Hbroopous ; Akabicus Sinus, pu 183, a.] HEBPEDITA'NI. [Maubetania]. HERULI, ERULI, AERULl (*E^vAoi/£poiiAo<, A]j9ovAoi, also ^FiKovpoi, "EAovpoc, and AIXov^i; Etjm. Mag. s. v. *£Aovpoi), a German tribe finst mentioned among the Gothic nations when these Utter had established Uiemselves on the north coast of the Enzine, in the reigns of Gallienus and Claudius. (Trebell. Poll. GalUm, 13, Claud. 6, 12.) Zoeimos (L 41) calk them Scythians. Until that time the Heruli had been independent, and were only alied with the Goths; but Hermanric, the king of the 0:itrogoths, after defeating them in a bloody battle, reduced them to the condition of subjects. ( Jomand. de Reb. Get 43.) The country on the Euxine was not the original seat of the Heruli, any more than it was the original country of the Goths ; and this is manifest from the circumstance that, not long afterwards, Heruli together with Chaviones invaded the western parts of the Roman empire, and appa- rently settled in the neighbourhood of the Batavi; for, in the reign of Valentinian, they are mentioned together with Batavi as engaged in the service of Rome against the Alemanni. (Amm. Marc. xx. 4, XXV. 10, xxvii. 1, 8.) Afterwards we find them even fighting in Britain ; and it is possible that the 700 Heruli who with their ships ravaged the coasts of Galicia and Cantabria, were adventurous descend- ants of the Heruli who had crossed over into Bri- tain. (Mamert. Paneg. Maaam. 6, 7; Amm. Marc xxviL 1, 8; Sidon. ApolHn. Epitst. viii. 9.) At the time when the Huns invaded Europe from the east, the Heruli established in the north of the Euxine, in oonj unction with other tribes, as the Turcilingi and Rugii, joined AttiU (Paul. Diao. HitL MUc p. 97) and followed his army into Gaul: but subsequently the Heruli allied themselves with other German tribes, and assisted in breaking the power of the Huns; and, in conjunction with the Turcilingi, Sdri, and Rngii, and commanded by Odoacer, who is styled king of the Heruli, they overtlirew, in a. d. 476, the Western empire. (Jomand. 46, 50; Paul. Diac Hut. Longob, i. 19.) After the power of the Huns was broken, about a. d. 480, a large body of Heruli established a considerable empire on the Da- nube, or rather about the upper course of the Theiu, as the banks of the Danube were in the hands of the Rugii, Lmgobardi, and Gepidae. The second of .these tribes, however, soon became subject to the Heruli. ( Vita S. Severini, 24 ; Procop. B. G. ii. 14.) The great power of the Heruli in thoee parts is at- tested by the fact that Theodoric, the Ostrogoth, solicited thdr alliance against the Franks, declaring HESBON. their king his son in arms. (Cassiod. Var. vL X, ir« 2.) But about A. d. 512 the Longobaidi, impatieoC to bear the rule of the Hemfi any Iob^r; rose, in arms against them, and almost destnyed tliein. The survivors, after wazidering aboat for some time, toned southward, whore some received aettfainwits witlna the Roman dominiona; while others, diwUiiiiBg, it is said, to seek the protectioo of the Eastern empire, migrated northward, and established thcmadva is Scandinavia. (Procop. B. G. iL 14, 15; Jooaad. de Reb. Get 12.) Those Heroli who had re- ceived settlements in lower Panwmia remained a dangerous and unruly horde, in oooseqneDoe of whkk they were severely chastised by the emperofs Ana- stasius and Justinian, under the latter of whom they adopted the Christian religion. Aboat the aaae time they murdered their ovm king Ochon, and thai petitioned Ju&tinian to appoint another Idi^, while they addressed a aimihur request to their bierhicn in Scandinavia. Justinian gave them a kii^ Soartna, and soon after Todasius was reoommended hy the Scandinavian HerulL After the expubioo of Saar- tua, the greater part of these Pannonian HeraU, kd on by T<2asins, emigrated and joined the Gepsdae; but a minority remained behind and £iithliil to the empire, so that, in the war against the Gepidae, H«- mli were arrayed against HotiIl Henceforth these fierce warriurs distinguished themselves in the waxs of the Eastern empire against the Ostrogoths ia Italy, as well as in the wan which were canied on at that time in Asia and Africa. (Procop. B.G,u. 11, 13, 22, ill 13, iv. 26, 28, 31, B. Pert. L IS, 14, u. 24, 25, B. Vandal iL 4, 17.) During these wars the Heruli were distinguished for their bold- ness and bravery; but their habits and customs ap- pear to have been of a very bariiarons character, fat they are said to have put to death the aged and the sick, that they might not be a burden nppa the others, and to have required of eveiy widonr to make away with herself on the tomb of her fansband. In regard to the country originally inhabited by the Heruli, b^ore they appeared in the north of tlw Black SeOj nothing satisfactory can be said. Jor- nandes is inclined to believe them to have caine,Eks the Goths, from Scandinavia; while, acoordin^ to MamerUnus {Panegyr. Maxim. 4) and SidoiiinB ApoUinaris (£jp. viii. 9), it would seem that their original abodes, like those of the Gotha, were on the coast of the Baltic, on the east of the Vistula. They appear to have consisted of unsettled hordes, and te have sought warlike occupations wherever they vav to be found ; hence they appear in the most distant parts of the Roman empire, from the moath of the Danube to that of the Rhine: they probably did not acquire the character of a compact nation witil they settled on the banks of the Danube or the Tkeui;. (Comp. Latham, Epileg. to Tac, Germ, pp. xdv. fol.) [U Sw] HESBON CZaMv, LXX., Hesych.; '£«vc#^, Euseb. Onom. : Eth. 'E<ro-c6i&y, '£<r4rcff«»mf, JwXA, V. 15; Xaff^w XanrxAp; 1 Mace. t. 26, 36: ffetbduj Hlitbdn^y a town in the territory of the Hebrews, E. of the Jordan, and parallel with Jericho, nearly midway between the rivers Jabbok and AineaL It originally belonged to the Moabites, but had been wrested from them by their northern neighboars the Amorites a short time before the arrivid of the Is- raelites from Aegyipt. {Numbertj xxL 23 — 26 ; comp. Ewald, Getch, det Volhet Jtrael, vol. iL p^ 212.) At that time it was the capital of Sihon, the Amo- ritish chieftain who ''reigned in Heshbon." (^Nmmber*^