Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/315

 105S HERCULIS PROM.' ^7en to the port of Trop^a^ which is close to the headland called Capo VaticanOf where the coast actuallj begins to trend to the S., and most always have been of importance as a porL The modem name of Tropea seems to point to a Roman origin, but is not foand in anj ancient writer. 3. ('HfMUcXcovf Kifi^yy PtoL iiL 3. § 3), a port on the south coast of Sardinia, between Sulci and Nora, mentioned onlj by Ptolemy, is, in all proba- bility, the one now known as Purto di Malfatano. (De la Marmora, Voyage en Sardaigne, to!, u. p. 394.) [E. H. B.] HEUCULIS PROMONTORIUM (ri'MfKbcAfioF, Strab. Ti. p. 259), a promontory of Bruttium, which is regarded by Strabo as the extreme S. point of that country, and consequently of all Italy. It is now called Cape Spartwento^ and is, in fact, the SE. point of the great headland funning the extremity of Bruttium, as Cape Lenoopetra {Capo delTArnu) is the SW. Hence, Strabo is perfectly correct in saying that, immediately after doubling the Her- culean Promontory, the course of a voyager would lie to the NE. It is, however, in just the same latitude as Leuoopetra, which was more commonly regarded by the ancients as the extreme point of the Italian peninsnU. [E. H. B.] HETICULIS PBOMONTORIUM ('UpaicKdovs iacpov: C. Mogadcr), a promontory on the W. coast of Mauretania, half a degree S. of the mouth of the river Phuth. (Ptol. iv. 1. § 4.) [P. S.] HE'RGULIS SILVA, a forest of Germany, men- tioned only by Tacitus (ilim. ii. 12) as situated on the east of the river Visurgis, whence modem writers identify it with the Suntdgebitye, on the west of the town of Minden. [L. S.] HE'RGULIS TEMPLUM. [Gades.] HERCUNIATAE or HERCUNIATES ('Epicow- vtareU), a tribe in Pannonia, occupying the district between the Danubius and Uke Pelso. (Plin. iii. 28; Ptol. ii. 16. § 3.) Their name is believed to indicate that they wore a Celtic people. [L. S.] HERCYNA. [BoKOTiA, p. 412, b.] HERCY'NIA SILVA {Hercynitu Salhu, Liv.v. 34; Hercynium jugum, Plin. iv. 28 ; 'EpKv^la ffXij, range of mountains in Germany, the extent and situation of which are described very differently by the writers of different ages. Some of the earlier authors place the Hercynian forest near the Pyrenees (Sctiol. adDUmys, PerUg. 286), while others assign to it a place near the northern ocean (Diod. v. 21 ; Eustath. ad Bum, PerUg, 285; Senec Med, 712) or in the country of the Celts (Schol. ad ApoUon, Rhod. iv. 640). The earliest mention of it occurs in Aristotle (^Meteor, i. 13: 'Apicuwa d^pij), who speaks of it generally as a range of mountains in the north of Europe ; but tlie first author that affords any more detailed information is Julius Caesar (A G. vi. 24, 25), according to whom its breadth was nine days* journey and its length sixty. It commenced on the frontiers of the Helvetii, Nemetes, and Ran- raci, and extending in an eastern direction parallel to the Danube reached the country of the Daci and Anartes; it then turned northward, traversing the countries of many nations. He therefore makes the mountains commence on the east bank of the Riiine, and leaves its eastern termination undefined. On the whole, Pomponius Mela (iii. 3) and Strabo (iv. p. 292) agree with this description, according to whidi the Hercynia Silva would be a general name for almost all the mountains of Southern and Central HERIUSL Germany, that is, fi!XHn the sonroes of the Danube to Transylvania, comprising the Schwarzwald, Odea- wald, Spes'sart, Rh5n, Thiiringer Wald, the Han mountain (which seems to have retained a trace «f the ancient name), Ranhe Alp, Steigerwald, and the Fichtel-, Era-, and Rieaengebiige. At a later period, when the mountains of Germany had become better known to the Romans, the name Hercynia Sihx was applied to the more limited range of moantains ex« tending around Bohemia, and extending tfaraacrh Moravia into Hungary. (Tac Germ, 28, 30 ; P)in. iv. 25, 28.) Ptolemy (ii. 11. § 7) appliM the name only to the range connecting the Sndetes with the Car- pathian mountains. Caesar ( J9. G. vi. 26, folL) gives a full account of some of the more interesting ammaJs that were found in those extensive forests. At the time when they became better known, the sepaxate parts of the mountain chain were designated by separate names, as Abndba^ Rauraci Montetf Alfu Montetj Bacenit Silva, MtUboaUy Sudeti Mamtea, Gabreta Silva, Asciburgiut Mons, and Sarmatiei MonUM. The name Hercynia, which some ngaxd as a name of Celtic origin, is probably connccttd with tiie old German Harty Hard, and Earz^ signi- fying a woody mountain. [L. S.] HERDO'NEA ('EpSwi^ra, Ptol.: Ordbiia),acity</ the interior of Apulia, situated on the branch of the Appian Way which led firam Cannsiam, by Eqans Tutiuus, to Beneventum. It was distant 26 B. miks from Canusium and 19 from Aecae {Trojay (Jtku iintp.116; Tab.PeuL', Stnb. vL p. 283, where the name is corruptly written in all the MSS. and aid editions Kcp8»Fta.) Herdonea is remarkable in Bo- man history for having witnessed the defeat of tws different Roman armies by Hannibal at an interval cf only 2 years : the one in b.c. 212, under the praeCor Cn. Fulvius Flaocus ; the other in B.G. 210, under the proconsul Cn. Fulrius Centumalus. (Liv. zxv. 21, xxvii. 1.) After the second of these victories, Hannibal, having no confidence in the fidelity of Herdonea (which was one of the pUces that had joined the Carthaginians after the battle of Cannae), destroyed the city, and transferred all its inhabitants to Metapontum and Thuriu It must have been sub- sequently rebuilt, but appeara never to have iisai again into a place of importance. Silius Italicos speaks of it as an obscure and deserted place (viii. 568) ; and though its existence as oneof the municipal towns of central Apulia is attested by the geo- graphers and itineraries (Plin. iii. 11. s. 16 ; Ptol. iii. 1. § 72 ; Stnb. I. c), its name is never i^ahi mentioned in history. It appears however to hsva survived till the middle ages, and was finally de-> stroyed by the Saracens. The ruins of the ancient city, which are described as extensive and indicating a {dace of importaooe, are still visible on the summit of a slight hiU, a short distance to the south of tlie modem Ordona^ a mere group of houses between Bovino and Cer^^iiofa, on the high road from Naples to Otranlo. They aro described by Mola {Peregrinaz. per la JPigSoj p. 44), and by Romanelli (vol. ii. p. 258). The name of Herdonea is variously corrupted into Erdonias {Itin Ant. p. 116), Serdonis (/fm. Bier, p. 610), Ardona {Lib. Colon, p. 260) : and there is little doubt that the Ardohkae mentioned by Livy (xxiv. 20), where Fabius established his winter quarten in b. c. 214, is only a corruption of the same name. [E. H. B.J HE'RIUS ("Hpios). Ptolemy (ii. 8. § l)pkcesthe Herius on the coast of Gallia Lugdunensis, between
 * EpK^iov SpoSt 'Epxitvios bpvfi6st ri 'Epic^ia), a