Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/307

 1048 HERACLEU. 'uleu, bf Uuoccbi (S nit. pointieomMC CL Nspln, 1754,1755). Hermc1«aM|[nieniJlj regarded ■■ the nitin tonn- tij of the ctkbnled poinUr Zeaiii, thoaf;b there u much doobt tb which of the uiUDenxu alia of tha mune that dutiaguuhed aniat really owed hii birth. IBiiyr. Diet. aiL Zkuxi&J Bat the flonriihing dale of the arte in the Lneanian Heradeia (in coaimm with meat of the iiei;bb«riiig cities of Mif^ Gnecia) ia atteeted bj the bnntj and ra- rietj of ita oouia, aoms of which maj deservcdiy be nckoned Knang the choicest ipecimena of Greek art; while thrir nnmher iu(ficiently proves the opn- lence and oanmercial ailiTily of the cil» lo which Ibej belong. (Rckliel, nil. i. p. 153 ;'MilIinpen. ■ Mi&r^«:./iiitte,i).lll.) [E.H.B.] . HERACt.EtA, somuned MINOA ('Hp^Aiw Hr'vf«: Elk. 'HfHHAd^rnT, Heracliensis), ui Sicilj, •n ancient Greek city, aitiuted on the eoath coast of the island, at the mouth of the rirer Halycue^ between AsriRentum and Selinus. IM two namee were con- nect«d Willi two wparate mytholn^ml legends in reeocd to its origin. The fint of these rehited tlmt Uerculea, hiring yanqniibed the local hero Eiji in a wrealling match, obtained therebj' the right to the whole western portion of Sidlj, which he expresal; reierred foe hit descendants. (Diod. ir. S3 ; Herod. T. 43 I Puis. iii. 16. § 5.) He did not, b«we>er, found a town or seUlsnient ; bal, Bomewhat later, Uinoa, king of Crete, haring come lo Sicilj in pur- suit of Daedalus, landed at the moulh of the river Halfcue, and founded then a city, to whidi be gave the name of Minoa : or, according to another veniion of the storj, the cilr wu linil established by his followers, after (he death of Uinca himseir. Heracli- dea Ponlicus adds, that there was previousi; a, natire city on the spot, the mm* of whidi was Macnn. (Diod. ir. 79, zii. 9 ; Henul. PonL § 29.) The two legends are so distinct that no intimation ia given bj Diodonu of their ivlaling to the same spot, and we only learn thnr cunneclion fmn the comln- natiini in later timee of the two namea. The first notice of the eity wbicli we find in bistorical timee repnisents it as a small town and a cohmj of Selinua, bearing the name of Minis (Herod. T. 46) ; bat ws hare no account of lis settlement. ]t was in ibis stale when Dorieus the Spartan (bnlher of Cleo. inenee I.) canie to Sidly, with alargebodj of fullow- era, wild the eiprpss view of reclaiming the territory which had belooged tu his ancestor Hercules. But having engaged in hcetilities with the Carthaginians and Scgeslans, he was defeuled and shun in a battle in wbiili almost all hie leading companiims also perished. Euiylem, the only one of ihe chieA who escaped, nude himself master of Minoa, which now, in all probability, obluined for lite first linw tbe name of HencleiH. (Hcrv,d. v. 42—46.) This ia not, indeed, apreuly staled by Herodotus, who givea the preceding narrative, but is evidentij im- : plied in his alaUiDsit at the b t ginnii ig rf if, thd Dorieoi tet oat to' the potpoee of ticnHing Iferwhia, cnnlnaed with the fact that Dindorat Tiip t« e pU Um as having been ita actoal fbuider. (Dioi. ir. H.) Hence then seems no nam to asppoe (as haa boa snggealed) that Henclna and HinB wcra iHigiai% dutinct dtiea, and that tha name of the oe wm snbseiineittJy tninsfemd to the other. Fion the period of this new BSttlenient (b.c:5I0) it sees Is imonly borne Ihe name of Heracleia, tfangh Dupled with th t of Mina forth CHponAtfar riir Miwiar, Pol. i. 15 ; " liendo, quam vocant Minoa," Liv. uir. 35.) Diodoms tells na thnt Ihe newly founded cily rf Henclna rose npidly to prceperi^, but waa de^evvd by the Carthaginians, thrvagb jeakKuy of ita Iimiii ioi^pawer. (Id,iv.33.) Tbepcriodat wluchtlattii^ phu« is uncertain. It was pnibably related by Diads- rus in bia 10th book, which ia now lost: at least k makes no mention of any each event OD octwsJM rf the great expediiioo cf Hsmilcar,ui B.C. 480, lo wUtk epoch we might olherwise bate rvferrvd it ; while, from lb« absence of all notice of Heradeia daring the subsequent centnry, and the wars of Dkmjmai with the Carthaginians, it seems certain that it did not then exist, or must have bt«n ui a vaj ndoBd condition. Indeed, the next notice we find cf k (under the name of Minoa), in b.c 357. when Di« Inoded then, npresents it as a small town ia tha Agrigentine territory, but at that time sabjert ta Cartilage. (Died. ivi. 9 ; Plat. Dion. 25.) fieace it u pTDbable that the Ireaty between Dionysaa and the Carthaginians which had fiud Ibe Hatna as tl>e boundary of the latter, had lefl HeiHkb, though on its left bauk, btill in their hands : and, in accanlance with this, we End it atipnlaled by tbe similar treaty concluded with Ibem by Acatho- clea (B.C. 314), Ihal Heradtia, Selinua, and OoKa shontd condnna subject lo Cartha^, at tiiy i^ baa ie/ore. (Diod. lb. 71.) rrom this iiB» Heracleia Tesppean in history, and aanuDC* lb* poaitiDO of an important ci^ ; though we hat« D* eiplanation of the circnmetancci that bad tuaed it from its pitrioos insignificance. Thus we find it, soon alter, joining in the movement originated b; Xenodicns of Agrigentum, B.c. 307, and dedanig itself free both from the Carthaginians and Agatbo- cles; though it was sorai recovered by the latto*, a hia return from Africa. (Id. XI. 56.) At Ihe tiaa of the expedition of Pyrrbna it was once mm a the hands of the Cartbaglniana, and waa the first city Ukeu from tbem by that monarch as he adraaced westward frnn Agrigentum. (Diod xxii. la EacH. p. 497.) In like manner, in Ihe First Punic War, il waa occugued by the Cirthagiiiian general Hanac^ when advancing to the relief t^ Agrigentiim, at that time heueged by the Boman anniea, B.C.2G0. (Id. xxiiL 8. p 502| Pol. i. 19.) Again, in b-c 256, it was at Heracleia that the C<irth^nian fleet of 350 sliipa waa potted fur t)ie purpose of preventing the passage of the Roman fleet to Afnca, and when it sustained a great defeat from the consols R^oIdb and Manlius. (Pol. I 25— 28,30; ZMUr.riii. IS.) It appears, indeed, at this time to have been oaie df the principal naral stations of ihe Carthaginian* ia Sicily; and hence in n. c.249 we again End tbeir admiral, Canbalo, taking hia poet then la watch fir the Roman fleet which vras approuhiug to the nliel ofLilybaeum, (Id. L 53.) At Ibe close of the war Kencleia, of conne, passal, with Ibe rest of Srily. under the Roman doaiiuiLii but in the Secsod Punk