Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/305

 IMG HEBACLEIA. ud Ihe artifidal diitrict formfd by the caiul Bakr- Jutaf, the Nomo* Arainmles or the Fytam. TbfMi, u well u the chief cities ot the Heptanoniis, sre it- icribed under theit lepiuvCe designaUoiu. [Apuoo- DiToPoLia, Cysofoms, Ik.']. The HepUnomii eilended from loL N. 37° *' to 30° N.; iu boundnrj to S. wis the cutle of Her- mopolii (^Epnont^nirti ^ukaxii); to N. the speiof the Delta and the town of Cerouoram; W, Uie irre- galar liiM of Ihe Libjan Deserl; and E. the bills which confine the Nile, or th« sinuoiu ootline, the recesses and projections of the Arabian jnunhtaina. Thug, near Hernioi»lis at Ihs S. extremity of tliii region, the eastern hilbi approach verj near the riTer, while those on the irestem or left bank recede to a consiJerable distance from it Apiln, in lat. SS", the Libjm hills retire from the vicinity of the Nile, bend towinl KW., and sharply return to it by a curre to E., embracing the provirwe of ArsinoS (£(- Fj/oKta). Between the hills on which the Pyramids stand and the correspondinfr eleTation of GebeUtl- ifokaltunt on the eastern hant of the riTer, the Hep- lanomia eipnnds, until near Cercasomin it acquires almost Ihe breadth of Ihe aahjacent Delta. The Hepianomii is remarkable for its qnania of stone and its rock-grotloes. Besides Ilie Alabastrites, alreaily described, we find to N. of AntinoS the l^rottoes of Benihassan, — the Speoa Arteinidos of llie Greeks. Nine nutea lower down sre the erott«s of Koam-d-Ahnary and in the Arabian desert, on the east, quarries of the beaolifnl veined and while ala> haster, which the Egyptians employed in their sarco- phngi, and in the more delicate portions of their archilwlure. From the quarries of Tourah and llassarah, ID the hills of Gditi-el-Mokattam, nsiiA Slemphis, they obtained the liiQeslime used in casing the pyramids. The roads from these qoarries may Blill be traced across the intervening pbiin. Under the Ptolemies Ihe Heplanoiiiia was go- verned by an l-wimpi^ny", and by an officer of corresponding designation, — procaralra-, — under the Roman Caesars. We find him docribed in inscrip- is (Orelli, ImCT. Lai. a. 516} as "procurator Augnsli einslral Under e Septem Noili ine iniet i;aeaara m Ihe 3rd century a. d. ina nre northern Nome*, Memphiles, Heracleopolilea, Arei- niMles, Apliroditopoliuis, and Oiyrhynciles, togelher with the Noinoa Lepuipnli|p, constituted the pro- vince of Arcailia, which subsequently became a me- tropolitan episcopal see. The natural productiona of tbe Heptanomis resemble thine of Upper Egypt fi:eiierally, and present a moie tropical Fauna and Flora than tliote of the Delta, lis population also was lees modified by Greek or Nubian admixture than that of niber Lower or Upper Egypt; although, after the 41h century A.n., the Heptanomis was overrun by Arabian marauders, who considerably aflbcted the native rwres. [W. B. D.] HERACLEIA ('HfidicXHa). " ' " HIJKACLEIA, (Uv. ■iii. a.) UER.CLE[A, an ancient place of Fisatis in Elis, but a Tillage in the lime of Fausanias, was dis- tant 40 or 50 stadia from Olympia. It contained medicinal waters issuing from a ruunloin sacred to Ihe Ionic nymphs, and flowing into the nei^ibouring stream called Cytberui or Cytherius, nhich is the brook ni-ar the modem village of Bmma. (Strab. viii. p.35G; Pans. ri. 22. g 7 ; Bobbiye, iiecWcAet, 4e. p. ISD; Curtius, Peloponaaia, vol. ii. p. 72.) HEBACLEIA LYNCESTIS CHjidKAfia, Polyb, EEBACLEIA. ixviii.lI.lS, luiT.lS; Stnb-til. p-Sig; PlaL iiL 13. § 33; Liv. uvi. SS, xxu. 39 ; Jtim. AmUa.; PeaL Tab. ; 'H^kUXiui A<k«w, Hiered. ; C<nL Porph. dt Tkat. ii. 2), the chief town of the - vinco of Upper Macedcmia, called Lynceatia, at a disUuce of 46 M. P. from Lychntdui and 6« M. P. from Edessa. Accmliag to the prDportiaml £t- lances. Heracleia slwd not &r fiom Ifae Itwdem toan of Filiirata. at about 10 geog. mitea direct to tbi S. ii Bilatia, nearly in the centre cf Iba Egnaitsa Way. CalviuHs narrvwly escaped behig intercepted by the Pomp^sns on his rear, after luving fallen bvk npon Heradeii, which Caesar (B. C. iii. T9) rightly pUces at the foot of the Caodavian oMiamuii, tl^ough his transcribers have inlerpoLated the pa*- snge, and confounded it with the HermcJeia Sintiea ef Thradan Macedonia. The writer of a geographical fragmeiit (ap. Hod- sm, Gtog. Jf «. vol. iv. p. 43 ; comp. JoaniL (hiaaa. p. 127, ed. Boon) has idenlified tbi* dty with Pe- lo^onla [Pelaoohia], but incorrectly- (Leakfc de Fiat EgwU. Part. Oceid. p. 39.) [E. B. J.] HERACLEIA Sl'NTlCA ('RpiUAeia Zipn>4 Ptol. iii. l3.§3U;Steph. B.; Const Porph.i«eriei& ii. 2; 'HpibrAtia ZTpvpjni, Hienxlea ; Hmclea ex Sintiis, Liv. xiii. 51), the principal town of Sintiref a district on the right bank of the Stiymon, im Thracian Macedonia. It was distant fhwn PbOipfi, by the Roman road which passed round tlw X. aids of the lake, 55 M. P., and by that which jiuied « the S. «de, 52 M. V. (_Fent. Tab.) Demetrius, son of Philip V. king of KmmdtKA was murdered and put to death here. (Liv. xL 2i.) It stood on the site of the modem Zrrr6tJnrn. a small villsge where the peasants find in plougfaH^ the gronnd great numbers of ancient ooins. (Lake, Northern Greece, vol. iii, p. 226.) The cans at thia place are very numenms. (Seatini, Jtfoia. Ftl. p. 37; Eckhel, vol. iL p. 71.) [E-B. J.) HERACLEIA TRACHINIA. [Trachis.! HERACLEIA ('HpiUAtM: EUi. 'H^uA^ftc, Heracliensia or Heraclenius: Polieoro a dly tt Magna Graecia, situated in Lucania do the gulf if TorenU (he rivers A colony, but founded at a period conuderably later than most of the other Greek cities in this pvt of Italy. The territory in wbich it was eatabliiilai had previously belonged to tJie Ionic colony at Siris, and after the fall of Ibat city [Sinrs] seems to ham become Ibe subject of conlenlion between the neigh- boDring stales. Tba Athenians, we know, hod a claim upon the territory of Siris (Herod. viiL 62), and it was probably in virtue of thia that tbeir colo- nists the Tburians, obnoat immediiitely after tbcir establisfameiit in Italy, advanced siiaiUr pntaiiioB).'
 * Vi»-(ierf>erMce,ToLiii.pp.2B1.311,3I8: TaH