Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/304

 HELVETUM. wtod Minnodunam, to Aventicnm (Atenehet) ; and thence through Salodarum to Angnata Raunicoram. There was also a road from Augusta Rauraconun •astward through Vindonissa {WintKtch) to Ad Fines (iyyn)} Arbor Felix, and Brigantia (^Bregtfu) on the lakB of Contkuu, A work by J. F. Roescb, Commentar, Hber die CommeHtarienj j-c, Halle, 1783. contains some Kood ranarks on General Wamery's Remarques tur C^mr, Boesch was an officer and lecturer on military science. Tbere is a map in his book of the country between Geneva saiAFort VEchue, [G, L.] HELVETUM. [HsLCBBua] HEXVII, a people of the Provincia or GaUia Narbonensis, who bordered on the Arvemi, but were within the limits of the Provincia. The Cerenna formed the boundary between the Helvii and the Arvemi. (Gaes. B. G. vii. 7, 8.) The Helvii were east of the dvennea^ and occupied the old French division of the Vivarait* When, however, Caesar speaks of the Helvii as bordering on the Arvemi, he means the Arvemi and their dependencies; for the Gabali, and Vellauni or Vellavi, were between the Helvii and the Arvemi [GabauJ, and they were dependent on the Arvemi. (A G. vii. 75.) The name is written 'E^ouof in the texts of Stnibo, who makes their territory commence on the east, at the bank of the Rhone, which is no doubt correct He places them in Aquitania, which is generally suppoeed to be a mistake ; but Augustus, who enUu^ed the Pro- ▼inda of Aquitania, may have attached the Helvii to it. In Pliny (iii. 4) they appear in Narbonensis, and their chief town is Alba. [Alba Hblvorum.] It is generally supposed that Ptolemy's Elycoci ('EAi/imiroi, iL 10. § 18), whose chief town was Alba Augusta, are the Helvii. But Ptolemy's Elycoci are east of the Bhone, and Alba Augusta is a differ- ent name from Alba Helvorum. Pliny (xiv. 3) mentions a vine that was discovered, seven years before he was writing, at Alba Helvia in the Narbo- nensis, which vine flowered and lost its flower in a single day, and for that reason was the safest to plant. It was named Narboaica, and when he wrote was planted all over the Provincia. [G. L.] HELVILLUM, a town of Umbria, on the Via Flaroinia, known only from the Itineraries, which place it 27 M. P. from Foram Flaminii, or 15 M. P. from Nnceria. These distances coincide with the pofiitiofi oiSigiUo, a village that still forms one of the stages on the modem road which follows the line of the Flominian Way. (/<m. AnL p. 125 ; Tab, Peut,) At the same time, the name of SigiUo suggests a relation with the Snillum of Pliny, who enumerates the Suillates among the towns oS Umbria (iii. 14. 8. 19); and it is not improbable that the HelviUum pf the Itineraries is either identical with the Snillum of Pliny, or was situated in its immediate neigh- bonrhood. [£. H. B.] HEMEROSCOTIUM. [Duoiiux.] HE'NETL [Vkweti.] HENIOCHI (^Hvioxoi, Dionys. 687 ; Arrian, PeripL p. 11; Anon. PeripL p. 15), a Colchian tribe, who appear in geography as early as Helia- nicus (p. 91, ed. Sturz). Strabo (xi. p. 496), who derives their name from the legendary charioteers of the Dioscuri, describes them as a sea-faring, piratical race, using small boats, called KOfidpai by the Greeks, and containing from twenty-five to thirty men. From the account of the escape of Mithridates Enpator, from Pontns to the Bosporus, they appear occupying the country between the W. edge of Cau- HEPTAKOMISu 1045 casus and the^Euxine, with an area of 1000 stadia. (Strab. I, c; ctmp. Plin. vi. 4; Scyl. p. 31; Ptol. v^ 10.) [E. B. J.l HENNA. [Ehna.] HEPHAE'STIA. [LHaiKos.] HEPHAE'STIA, the ancient name of the small island now called CommOf between Malta and Gozo. [Melita ; Gaulos.] (See Wesseling, Itiner, p. 518.) The island is about two miles long from NE. to SW., with a good channel on each side. It has always been, with Gozo, a dependency of Malta. To the SW. is a small rocky islet called CominoUo, of which the ancient name is unknown. [J. S. H.] HEPHAE'STIADAE. [Atfica, p. 326, b.] HEPHAE'STIAE INSULAE. [Aeouak ly- 8ULAB.] HEPHAE'STION ('H^crrioF), a district near Phaselis, in the south of Lycia; it derived its name from the fact that fire constantly was issuing from the loose soil. (Ctesias, ap. Phot. Cod, 73, p. 146 ; Senec. Ep. 79.) According to Pliny (ii 1 10) these fires appear to have arisen from springs of buming naptha. (Comp. Plin. v. 28; Solin. 39.) [L. S.] HEPTACOME'TAE ('EvroicoAi^ai), a barba* rous tribe of the Mosynoeci on the coast of Pontus, inhabiting Mount Scoedises, and living on chesnuta and game. From their houses, which are said to have resembled towers, they attacked and robbed travellers. (Strab. xii. p. 549 ; Steph. B. ; s. v.; oomp. MosTNOBCi.) [L. S.] HEPTA'NOMIS (v Evrwofiis, Ptol. ir. 5. § 55; more [Hroperly 'Evrcl Ko/iol or 'EvrairoXif, Dionys. Peneg. 251; sometimes ^ ;AeTa{i^[74]), the modem Mear- Wattani of the Arabian geographers, or Middle Egypt, may be described generally as the district; which separates the Thebald from the Delta. Inas- much, however, as the appellation of the Seven N<nne8 is political rather than territorial, it is not ea^ to define the actual boundaries of this region. The nortbem purtion belonged to the kingd&m of Lower Aegypt, of which it contained the capital, Memphis; the southern appertained to the elder king- dom of Thebes, so long at least as there continued to be two monarchies in the Nile valley. It is not posable to determine at what period, if indeed at any. the Heptanomis was regarded as an integral third of Aegypt. About the number of its nomes there can lie no question ; but which, at any given era, were the seven principal nomes, it is less easy to decide. They probably varied with the vicissi- tudes of local prosperi^ — war, commerce, or migra- tion, from time to time, causing a superior nome to decline, and, on the contrary, raising an inferior nome to eminence. According to Ptolemy and Aga- tharchides (Z>e Bvbr, Mar, ap. Phot. Biblioth, p. 1339. R.), both of whom wrote long after the ori- ginal divisions had been modified, the Seven Nomes were the following : (1.) Memphites. (2.) Hera- cleopplites. (3.) Crocodilopolites or Arsinoites. (4.) Aphroditopolites. (5.) Oxyrhyndutes. (6,) Gy- nopolites. (7.) Hermopolites. The Greater and Lesser Oases were always reckoned portions of the Heptanomis, and hence it must apparently have sent nine, and not seven, nomurchs to the general assembly in the Labyrinth. The capitals of the Nomes, whose names are sufficiently indicated by the respective ap- pellations of the divisions themselves — e. g. Her-^ mopolis of the Nomos Hermopolites, &c. — were also the chief towns of the liliddle Land. This district comprised the three greatest works of Egyptian art i|nd enterprise, e. g., the Pyramids, the Labyrinth, 3x6