Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/3

 744 DACIA. After the gabjugafcian of the ooonfciy, Trajan ttmwdhisatleQtioDtosecniriiighisnewivovuioe. The bridge over the Danube which was to aiford a oom- mnnication with the & proTiooes, had been commenoed probably aboat A. d. 103. Dioo Caadna, goremor of Pannooia under Alexander Sereroa, wrote an ao- ooont of Trajan's bridge; bat thia part of his work has been lost, thoogh an abridgment is given in the epitome of Xiphiliims. According to this writer, it was boilt hj Apollodoms, the architect of the Fonun Trajannm and of the Oolonm at Borne, and consisted or 20 piers; each pier was 150 Roman feet high, 60 feet tluck, and they were 170 feet distant fimn each other. At either end it was protected bj towers, and the whole work was boOt of hewn stone. (Dion Cass. bcviiL 13.) The latter circamstanoe seems to be an ezaggeratiaD, and the acooont of the situation, depth of water, nature of the soil, and other particiUarB, contains many errors. A com- parison of the other two andent authorities — the huge capper coin of Trajan with the bridge on the rererse, iad the column, where part of the bridge is represented in the background — shows that the upper part of the Inridge was of wood, while the piers are undoubtedlj of stone. About A. d. ISO Ha- drian destroyed the bridge, as it is said, to prevent the barbarians crossing over into the Thradan pro- vinces. (Dion Cass. L o.) The remains of thb bridge are to be found a little bebw the miserable viUage of Soala Gladova, All that is now left is a solid shapeless mass of masonry on each bank, about SO feet lugh; and between that and the river there ia on each dde a broken wall, with a levd on the top of the banks, apparently forming the pier from which the first arches sprang. On both sides the banks are of a considerable height above the water. In the bed of the river, and in a direct line between these ruins, the surveyon — as will be seen by the accompanying plan, in which the upper line indi- cates the coamtOD height of the water, the lower that to which it sooketimes fells, when the tops of BKMAINS or TBAJAir'S BBIDOB. severs! of the pillarB become visible^haTe trsoed the remdns of 13 pillars. Not fer from the middle, a kind of island has been formed which occupies the space of 4 pilars, and on the N. bank there is a se- cond space, apparently filled up by depodts, which leaves room for one other pillar; thus making, in addition to those on the banks, the number 20. The distance between the pillan on dther bank is about 8,900 English feet The piUor on the K. bank is not built of hewn stone, but of a mass of d^tpeless materials joined together with Roman cement. It may have been encased in hewn stone which is now destroyed. On the Wallachian dde are the remains of a tower, surrounded by a deep and circular fesae. (Paget, vol iL p. 57.) Beddes this great work Trajan constructed roads (the great agents for civilizadon): Uiese were three in number, uid were connected with the Via Tngana, which ran along the S. dde of the Danube, partly cut in the rock and partly supported on wooden beams. The road which hiy most to the W. quitted Viminadum, — or, more properly, the fortren on the oppodte side of the river, C[;-Pa^afiiE»,-^and took a DACIA. llE.dirBctkioaptoTiviscum(7aMSoar> UntoiA road the Pentingerian Table gives the following stations: — Arddava, Centum Pnteae, Bersoda, Ad- as, Caput Bubali, Tiviscmn. The middle road, quitting Oraova, followed the vallej of the Caemo, doedy hemmed in by its wooded hUls, to MAadia; and, pursuing the same oouBe as the modem road, proceeded akmg the banksof the Temety then croased the narrow gorge where the Bomana are sdd to have had literslly an iron gate, which gave its name to the phuie. Its direction then turaed towards the £^ along the vale— ^or rather plain — of Hdtz^y over Bu^fad and the levd before VarheH^t and the hill of /Jens, and there fell into the beautifol vdley (A the Jfopos, — taking the route which, should Tm- sylvama ever attain to a higher dvilisation, wiD fonn the future great oonunerdtd road to unite the wine- growing didricta of its well-watered vdcanic slopev with the stream of the Danube. Still proceeding in a NE. direction along the Jforof, it passed KmU' hurg, Thordaf Maro$ Veuarheli^ snd so on to the frontier of Mddavia. Again, taking the guidance of the Pentingerian Talkie, the following stations lie on this road: — Tiema, Ad Mediam {Mduadtn^ — with the baths of Heroides, which were known to the Romans as early as the times of Hadrian, and were in high repute for their medidnd virtues)^ Prseto- rium, Ad Pannooioa, Gaganae, MascUanae, Tidscnm, Agnavae, Pons Augusti, Sarmtaegethusa, Ad Aquas, Gmnisera, Bland iana, Apula, Bruda, Salinae, Pa- tavissa, Napoca, Optatiana, lAngiana, Cerde, Paro- lissum. The third road, wfaidi Uy towards the E., left the neighbonihood of Scaia OUxdova^ — probably crosa- ing Tngan's Bridge, — passed sJong the valley of the Aluta {AU and, mounting the RoAaUkmmy pass, descended upon KarUbmrg, where it fell in with the other road. The following are the statiana up to Apula, — the mining capitd of the Romans in Dada, Uie seat of the Cdl^um Aurariorum, snd the reddenoe of the procurator or chief officer of the gdd mines:— Drubetis, Amutria, Pdendova, Castra Nova, Romula, Addava, Rnsidava, Pons Alnti, Burridava, Csstra Tnyana, Arutda, Piaetorium, Pons Vetus Stenarum, Cedonie, Acidava, Apula. Ptolemy (iiL 8) has added Uie names of the fol- lowing places whidi are not to be found on the great Roman roads, between the T^fda and the Aluta, in the direction from N. to S.: — Rucooninm ('PoiNcic^rioy),Doddava(Aoici8ada),Ulpianum(OvA-. wiayily), Ziridava (ZipISova), Zurobara (Zovp^^opa), Lidds (AiCtC loda (n<UoSa), Anguatia (^Ayyowrria)^ Prnetoria Augusta (UfKurttftla A^Touora), Sandara (lEcb*- Sova), Utidava (OuriSava), Petrodava (IIcrp^SaiMi), Carddava (Kopo-^Saua), Patridava (IlarpfSava), Trii^iulum (Tpl^Kop), Aroobadara (*Apico€UE8c^w). The riven of Dacia which flowed into the Da- nube in the direction from W. ta K, were as fol- lows: — Tisianus or Tysia, with its £. affluents Ge- rasus or Grissia, and Marisus; Tibiscus, springing from the Carpathians; Gifil; Alutas; and Hierasna which has been identified with the Vldpas or IIopc- r6s of Herodotus (iv. 48).