Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/292

 BEBOSO. of that luune mentioned in the later hooks of Hoi j Scriptare is identical with the Canaanitieh capital, the site of which was reooyered by the writer in 1 843, still called bj the same name, and situated on a hill above Banias, a little to the east of the rains of the Castle of Banias, oommanding the Damascos rowL [G. W.] H£BOSO. [Hbbudes.] HEBRAEL [Palestima.] HEBKOMAGUS, a phoe in Soathern Gallia, which the Jerusaiem Itinerary places on the road from Tdosa {Totdouie) to Garauw {CarcoMiOtme)^ and 14 M. P. short of Carcastorme, The Table gives the same distance, or some critics read the same distance in the Table by changing xrii. to xiiiL D*Anville supposes Hebromagus to be a place called £ram, Hebromagus is mentioned in the EpistoUe of Aasonius to Panllinns (zxii. 35; xxiv. 124); and if there was only one Hebromagus, it is the pbce mentioned in the Itineraries. [G. L.] HEBRON (XcCpc^i^, LXX., Joseph.), a very ancient city of Palestine, situated in a mountunous district, 22 Boman miles south of Jerusalem. (Enseb. s. v. *Apictf£) Its original name was Kir- jatJi-Arba, or the city of Arba, so called from Arba, a chief of the Anal(im, who dwelt in this neigh- bottriiood. {Gen, zxiii. 2 ; Josh. xiv. 15 ; Jvdg. i.lO ; Jotieph. AnL xiv. 15.) It was frequently the resi- dence of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who were buried here in the cave of Macpelah, which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth. (CPea. xxiii. 2, seq.) Upon the conquest of Palestine by the Israelites, Uebron was given by Joshua to Caleb, who expelled the Anakim from tlie district. (Joth. xiv. 13 — 15, XV. 13, 14 ; Judg. i. 20.) It was afterwards ap- pointed one of the cities of refuge. (Joth. xx. 7.) Hebron was the residence of David, as king of Jndah, for seven years and a half. (2 Sam, ii. 1, ▼. 5.) It was fortified by Rehoboam (2 Chron. xi. 10); and was occupied by tlie Jews after their return from captivity (AeAm. xi. 25). It after- wards fell into the hands of the Idumaeans, from whom it was recovered by Jndas Maccabaeus. ^1 3iaoc V. 65; Joseph. Ant. xii. 8. § 6, B. J. iv. 9. § 7.) It was taken and burnt by the Romans in the great Jewish War. (Joseph. B, J. iv. 9. § 9.) The modern town is oUled £1 KhnUl, *" the friend " of God, the name given by the Moslems to Abraham. Here are shown the tombe of the patri- archs, of which an account is given by modern tra- vellers. Outside the town are two reservoirs for rain-water, evidently of great antiquity, one of which is probably the *' pool in Hebron " mentioned in the histoiy of David. (2 Sam. iv. 12.) HEBRUS C^pos: Mwritad), the principal river of Thrace, has its sources near the point where mount Scomins joins mount Rhodupe, in the north- western comer of Thrace. Its course at first has a aonth-eastera direction; bnt below Adrianopolis it takes a aouth-westem turn, and continues to flow in that direction until it reaches the At^aean near Aenos. (Thucyd. ii. 96; Plin. iv. 18 ; Aristot Jfe- Uor. L 13.) The tributaries of the Hebnis are so numerous and important, that it becomes na- vigable even at Philippolis, while near its mouth it becomes really a large river. (Herod, vii. 59.) Near its mouth it divides itself into two branches, the eastern one of which forms lake Stentoris. (Herod, vii. 58; Acropolita, p. 64.) The most important among its tributaries are the Snemus, Arda, Artiscus, Tonsas, and Agrianes. About Adnanople the basin HECATOMPYLO& 1033 of the Hebras is very extensive; bnt soath of that city it becomes narrower, the mountains on both sides approaching more closely to the river. During the winter the Hebras is sometimes frozen over. (Comp. Herod, iv. 90; Polyb. xxxiv. 13; Eurip. Here. Fur. 386; Strab. vii. pp. 322; 329, xiii. p. 590; PtoL uL U. § 2; Arrian, Anab. i. 11 ; MeU, ii. 2; Virg. Ed. X. 65, Georg. iv. 463, 524; Val. Fkc. iL 615, iv. 463, viil 228.) [L. &] HEBUDES, the I/Ondet off Britain, mentioned by Pliny, Solinun, and in he Cosmography K^cribed to Aethicns. The notices are as follows: — ''Sunt antem xl. Orcades modicis inter se discretae spatiis. Septem Acmodae et xxx. Hebudes.** (Plin. iv. 30.) "A Caledoniae promootorio Thylen petentibus, bidui navigatione peifecta, exdpiunt Hebrides insulae, quinque nnmeru, quarum incolae nesciunt fruges, piscibus tantum et Ucte vivunt Secundam a oon- tinenti stationem Orcades praebent: sed Orcades ab Hebudibus porro sunt septem dieram, totidemque noctium cursu, numero trdi. Vacant homine: non habent silvas: tantum junceis herbis inhorrescunt. Ab Oread ibus Thylen usque v. dieram et noctium navigatio est.** (Solin. c. 23.) The Cotmography merely gives the form Heboso, as applied to an island or archipelago off Britain. The difliculties raised by the text of Soliuus apply to the geography oi the Orkneys, Shetiandtj and Faroe Isles, to some of which he has transferred the name Hebrides. [For this, see Orcades.] The difficulties in the text of Pliny lie in the difiference between the Acmodae and the Hebudes. It is only clear that one word means the isUmds west, the otlier, the ishmds east, of the Minch. Kow either group will give us seven larger and twen^-three smaller ishuids, neither having so many as thirty islands of any considerable magnitude, and neither having so few as seven, if the smaller members of the group are included. Without de- ciding which are the Hebrides, and which the Acmodae, we may say that, on one side, we have Lewie (with Harris), North Uiety Benbecula, South Uitt, Barroy && — on the other, Shfey Hum, TireCf CoU, MuU, Jura, Islay, 8lc f R. G. L.] HECALE. [Attica, pu 330, b.] HECATOliPEDUM ('Ejrari^/iwcaoir, Ptol. Hi. 14. § 7), a town in the interior of Chaonia in Epeirus; probably situated in the vale of the Sukha, above Libokhovo. (Leake, Traveie m Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 120.) [E, B. J.l HECATCMPYLOS ('Eirard/i'iAot, Strab. xl p. 514; PtoL L 12. § 5, viii. 21. § 16; 'Ekot^m- wuAov fiaffiKtiov, Ptol. vi. 5 § 2 ; Stepli. B.), a town of some importance in Parthia, and one of the capitals of the Araacidan princes. There is, how- ever, great doubt where it was situated, the dis- tances recorded by ancient writers not corresponding accurately with any known rains. According to Strabo (xi. p. 614), it was 1960 stadia (about 224 miles) from the Pylae Caspiae, and, as we may infer from the passage, in the direction of India, eastward; while Ptolemy places it on the same parallel of ktitude (N. 37^) as Rhodes. Again, Pliny makes the same distance to be only 133 Roman (or about 122 English) miles. It has been supposed that 2>amyAam corresponds best with this place; but Damgham is too near the Pylae Caspiae: on the whde, it is probable that any remains of Hecatom- pylos ought to be sought in the neigh bourshood of a pUce now called Jah Jirm. (Cf. Bunie, Travels voL ii. p. 129; Frazer, Khorassan, Append, p. 118*; Wilson, Ariana, p. 171.) The pUM% itself was of