Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/279

 1020 GRUNAEI. that the " Grombertini " of Pliny (iii. 11. s. 16) «re no other than the inhabitants of Gromnm, thoufl;h the ethnic form is singular. Many munis- niatists assign to Gmmam the coins with the legend rPT, which other anthorities refer to Gmmentum in Lncania. (BomaneIIi| toL iL p. 174 ; Sestiui, CloM. Gen. p. 15.) [£. H. B.] GRUNAEI (jrpwtuoi and TpamioC), mentioned by Ptolemy (vl 13. § 3) as a popola^n of Scythia. [SCTTHIA.] [R. G. L.] GRYNIUMor GRYNU {Tp(nnov, Tpw^ia-. Eth. rpwe^s)^ one of the Aeolian cities in Ana Minor, 40 stadia from Myrina, and 70 from Rlaea. In the early times the town was independent, but afterwards became subject to Myrina. It contained a sanctuary of Apollo with an ancient oracle and a splendid temple of white marble. (Herod. L 149; Strab. ziii. p. 622; Virg. £cL vi. 72, Aen. iv. 345; Plin. v. 32, zxxiL 21; Steph. B. s,v. Tpdifoi; Paus. i. 21. § 9; Scylaz, p. 37.) Xenophon (^EeU. iii. 1. § 6) mentions Grynium as belonging to Gongylus of Eretria; and it is possible that the castrum Grunium in Phrygia, from which Alcibiades deriyed an income of *50 talents was the town of Grynium. (Kep. Alcib. 9.) Parmenio took the town by assault, and sold its inhabitants as shives, after which the place seems to have decayed. (Diod. Sic. xvii. 7.) [L. S.] GUGERNL Tacitus (Hut. ir. 28), in his history of the insurrection of Civilis, speaks of the Roman commander Vocula encamping at Gelduba, and thence attacking the nearest districts of the Gugemi, who had joined Civilis. They were Germans who lived on the west side of the Rhine, in the Lower Ger* mania, as appears from Tacitus (iv. 28, y. 16). They are mentioned by Pliny (iv. 17) in this order: "Ubii, Colonia Agrippinensis, Gugemi, Batavi," which shows that they were between Cologne and the Batavorum Insula. We may infer from Tacitus (Ilitt iv. 28) that Gelduba [Gelduba] was south of the boundaxy of the Gugemi, but not far from it. There is no record of tbne Germans passing the Rhine, and they are not mentioned by Caesar. Sue- tonius (^Augtut, c. 21; Tiber, c. 9) speaks of Ubii and Sicambri submitting to the Romans, and being transplanted to the west side of the Rhine. In the first passage of Suetonius some read " Suevos et Sicambros," in place of "Ubios et Sicambros." It is an old conjecture that these Gugemi were trans- planted Sicambri; which may be tme, or it may not. More probably not true ; for why should they change their name, when the Ubii did not ? If the true reading in Suetonius is " Suevos," the Gugemi may be one of the pagi of the SuevL But the trae reading is probably " Ubios." We may suppose then that other tribes may have been transplanted besides Ubii and Sicambri, for a great many Germans were settled on the lefi bank of the Rhine in the time of Augustus. [G. L.J GUJUNTA. [Balkares, p. 374, b.] GULUS (Tovkov irorofiou iK€oKcu, Ptol. iv. 2. §11: Wad Daah or KammeU)^ a river of Maure- tania SiUfensis, falling into the sea between IgilnUs and the mouth of the Ampsaga. [P. S.] GUMI'GI (KwovKis, Ptol.: Bereshk), a city on the coast of Mauretania Caesariensis, 12 M. P. west of Caesarea Id; made a colony by Augustus. (Plin. V. 1 ; Itin. Ant p. 15 ; Ptol. iv. 2. § 2 ; Geog. "BLxv.'.NoLAfr.) [P. S,] GUNTIA. 1. A town in Vindelicia, on the road leading from Carapodunum to Augusta Vindelioorum. ltm. AfU. p. 250; Orelli, Intcript no. 2054.) It GTABOS. is identified with the modem Qfeer- g i nfft i rry, var the sources of the river Gun7. 2. {Gimz)y a river in Yindelicia, and a tributary of the Danube ; near its source the town of was situated. This river is not expressly tioned by the ancients; but the town of the name, and the expression, ** Ihrnuhii tnuisitiia Gim> tiensis" (Enmen. Paneg. CofuL 2), show that its name was knovm to them. [L. SJ] GURAEI. [GoRTA.] GURAEUS. [GoRYA.] GURGURES MONTES, a range of mountains in Central Italy, known only from a passage in Varro, who tells us that it was the custnn to drive the mules which were fed in large herds in the Rosei Campi near Reate, into these lofty mountaics (" in Gurgures altos montes,** Varr. B, JL ii. 1. § 16) for theur summer pasturage. It is evidenc that they were a portion of the central and faigbeat ranges of the Apennines, but the particiilar mooii- tains meant cannot be identified. [£. H. B.] GURU'LIS (TovpovKis), is the name given by Ptolemy (iii. 3. § 7) to two cities of Sardinia which he distinguishes as Guralis Vetus (TovpavXls «s- atd) and Gurulis Nova (PoupovAlf r«a). The latter, according to De la Marmora, is represented by the modem town of CtigUeriy about 6 nuks from the W. coast of tlie island, and 12 NE. of the ancieot Comus: there still exist Roman remains on thb spot. Gurulis Vetus is supposed by the same author to have occupied the site of Po^ria^ a vilhtge in the interior, NE. of Boaa; but this is a mere conjecture. (De la Marmora, Voy. en Sardaigmef vol ii. pp. 366, 403.) Ptolemy again mentkos Gumlis Nova in the 8th book (viiL 9. § 3) ami ag the places at which he records astronomical obserra- tions, whence we are led to infer that it most have been a place of some importance, but its name is jkA found in the Itineraries. [E. H. B.] GURZUBITAE (TovpCoveircu, Pix)cop. de Aed. iii. 7), a fortress erected by Justinian in the Taune Chersonese, the ruins of which are still seen at OtW' stiff to the W. of Lambat. (Comp. ClariEe, 7>ttr. vol. ii. p. 258.) [E. B. J.] GUTAE. [Gothl] GUTTALUS, a small river on the coast of the Baltic, which, according to Solinus (20), existed en the west of the Vistula, and would then^ore bei«a^ to Germany; but Pliny (iv. 28) pUces it on the ea&t of the Vistula, whence it must be regarded as a Sar- matian river, and is perhaps the same as the modnn PregeL [L. &] GY'AROS, or GY'ARA (r^o», Strab., Steph. B. ; Gyarus, Tac. ; rd Vvapa, Arrian, Diu. iv. 4 ; Gyara, Juv., Plin.: £th. Pvopcvt), a small island m the Aegaean sea, reckoned one of the Cyclades, and situated SW. of Andros. According to Pliny, it was 62 (Roman) from Andros and 12 miles in cir- cumference. (Plin. iv. 12. s. 23.) It was little better than a barren rock, though inhabited in an- tiquity. It was one of the few spots in Greece visited by Strabo, who relates that he landed in the island and saw there a little village inhabited by fishermen, who deputed one of their number to go to Augustus, then at Corinth after the battle uf Actium, to beg him to reduce their yearly tribute of 150 drachmae, since they could scarcely pay ca» hundred. (Strab. x. p. 485.) So notorious wss it for its poverty that it was said, in joke, that the mice in this island gnawed through iron. (Antig. Carys. 21; Plm. viii. 43. s.82; Steph. B. & r.