Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/277

 V 1018 GRAEGIA MAGMA. 1841, 2 vols. 8ro.; Forbiobr, ffandbueh der alien Geographies 3 vols. 8vo. Leip. 1842 — 48 : bat the part relating to Greece contains little more than mere references to ancient aath<»B and modem works. The nnmaroos monographs on separate oomitTies and islands are given under their respective names. A good general accoant is given by I^ 0. Miiller, in his work on the Dorians ; hj Thirlwall and Grots, in tlieir Bitiories of Greece ; and bj Wordsworth, in his Greece, PictorialyDetcriptivey and EUtoricai The best collection of Maps of Greece is bj Kiepert, Topographisch-Eistorucher Atlas von HeUas tmd den HeUenischen Colonien in 24 Bldttem, Berlin, 1846. GRAE'CIA MAGNA. [Magna Grascia.] GRAIOCELI. [Garoceli.] GRAMATU&l, a phice in Gallia between Epa- mandaram and Laxga [Epamanditrum] ; but it is not certain that the name ought to appear in the Itin. : and if it should, we have no evidence where it is; though Ukert says that it is Giromagnjf. D'Anville has his usual kind of guess : he makes it Granv&lars. [G. L.] GRAMMIUM (Tpdfifuop, Steph. B.), a town of Crete, which Coronelli (HBck, Kreta, vol. i. p. 434) has placed to the SW. of Kavo-sidhero, but on Pashlej's map it is identified with Eremopolij on the E. coast [£. B. J.] GRA'MPIUS MONS, in Britjun, the scene of Galgacus's resistance to the Roman arms = the Grampian Bills, (Tac Agric. 29.) [R G. L.] GRANDE, a station which the Jerusalem Itine- rary places on the Egnatian Way, 14 M. P. from Celiac. (Comp. Tafel, de Viae Egnat. Part Oocid. p. 42.) [E. B. J.] GRANDIMI'RUM. [Gallaecia.] GRANFCUS (rpdifiKos a river in Troas which had its source in Mount Cotylus, a branch of Ida, and flowing through the Adrastian plain emptied itself into Uie Propontis. (Horn. IL xii. 21 ; Strab. ziii. pp. 582, 587, 602; Mela, i. 19; Plin. v. 40; Ptol. V. 2. § 2.) This little stream is celebrated in histoiy on aicconnt of the signal victory gained on its banks by Alejumder the Great over the Persians in B.C. 334, and another gained by LneuUus over Mithridates (Arrian, Anab. i. 13; IMod. Sic. zvii. 19 ; IMut. Alex, 24, LueulL 1 1 ; Flor. iii. 5.) Some tra- vellers identify the Granicus with the JHmotico (Chishull, Travels in Turkey, p. 60), and others with the Kodsha-su. [L. S.] GRANIS (TpdMis^ Arrian, Jnd. c 39), a small river of Persis, to which the fleet of Nearchus came. There seems no reason to doubt that it is the same stream as that called by D^Anville and Thevenot the Boschavir, It is, in fact, the river of Abushu-. Niebuhr speaks of a stream which passes Gr& and flows into the Persian Gulf (TVareb, vol. ii. p. 91). Can Grd be considered as preserving part of the ancient name? (Vincent, Floy. ofNearchus^ vol. i. p. 400.) [v.] GRANNONUM, in Gallia, " in Littore Saxonico," according to the Notitia Imp. Sanson supposed it to be Granville. D'Anville and others guess other names ; and D'Anville finds places both for Gran- nona and Grannonum. [G. L.] GRANUA (rpayoia), a river in the extreme south-east of Germany, in the conntiy of the Quadi, and emptying itself into the Danube. Its modem name is Groan, (Anton. Meditat. i. 1 7.) [L.S.] GRATIA'NA {Tpariaifd), a town on the frontier of Illyricum, not far from Moesiu. (Procop. BelL GRAVISCAE. Goth. i. 3, de Aed. iv. 11 ; HierocL p. 657.) T^ modem town of GraczamcsOj on the left bank of the river Drina, is said to occupy the site of the aoeieai Gratiana. [L. &] GRATIANOTOLIS. [Coukmoi] GRATIAltUM COLLIS {6 xS^pot 6 Xaphsmi M, Ghmiano)^ a well-wooded nnge of hiJb, ia the Begio Syrtica of N. Africa, 200 stadia from the sea, containing the sources of the river Ci3rm (Herod, iv. 175; CaUim. <^. SehoL Find, /yi V. 32 ; DelU CdU, Viaggio, p. 29.) [P. &] GRATIL [Gallaecia.] GRAVINUM, a station in Gallia, placed in thi Table on a road from .Juliobooa (LiUeiomMe), vlneh joins another road, the termination of which ia Gcm»- liacum {BotUogne). As to this obscxire and ■&• known phue, see D'Anville, Notice, ^ ; Ukert, GaUien, p. 547. [G. L.] GRAVISCAE (rpaovftrareu, PtoL; Tpam4not, Strab.), a town on the coast €i Etmria, between Coaa and Castrum Novum. We have no accoont d hs existence previous to the establishment there eE a Roman colony m b. o. 181 (Ltv. xL 29; VdL Fat. i. 15), and we know that its site had or^iBaDy formed part of the territory of Tarqnimi. It is not impossible, indeed, that Ciraviscae may, dnrii^ the independence of that dty, have serred as its port, just as Pyigi did to the neighbouring Caere, hot «e have no authority for the fact The noentioB cf Graviscae, by Virgil (Aen.x. 184), in conjunctin with Pyrgi, among the pUces supposed to have taken part in the wan of Aeneas, is the only arga- ment in favour of its remote antiquity; fer the aa- thority of Silius Italicus, who calls it " veteres Gn- viscae " (viii. 475), is on such a point of no vaiae. The colony sent thither was a "oolonim maxitiBia civinm," but seems, like most settlementa of a ■mi- hur class established on the coast of Etroria, to hafi enjoyed but little prosperi^; which — in the case st Graviscae at least — nuy be ascribed to the cstRoe unhealthiness of its situation, alluded to both bj Virgil and Rutilius. (" Intempeetaeqne Graviscae,* Vn-g. Aen, I, c ; Rutil. Itin, I 282.) It ia, bow. ever, noticed as a subsisting town by Strabo, Pfisy, and Ptolemy, as well as in the Itineraries ; but in tfaa time of Rutilius (a.d. 416) it had snnlE into plete decay, and retained only a few scattered (StnO). V. p. 225; Plin. iil 5. s. 8; Ptd. iiL 1. §4; Rutil. I c; Itin. MariL p. 498; Tab. PsmL) The exact site of Graviscae has been a sal^cct el much discussion, though the data affurded by ancient authorities would appear sufiiciently pRcise. Stxafao says it was 300 stadia from Cossa, and nthcr iesi than 180 from Pyrgi: but the former distance is oertainly too great, as it would carry na to a point beyond the river Mmio ; and it is certain, finm Ra- tillus, as well as the Itineraries, that Graviscae lay to the N. of that river. On the other hand, tbedts- tance from Pyrgi would coincide with a position at or near the mouth of the river Marta, and thrre seems on the whole to be little doubt timt Gravncae was situated in the neighbourhood of that stream. Two localities have beoi p(nnted out as its exact site, at both of which there are some ancient rAnains: the one on the right bank of the Aforfo, about a mile from its mouth, which is adopted by Wcstphal and Dennis ; the other on the sea-eoaat, at a spot called S. Clementina or he Saline, about a mile & from the month of the Maria, The latter must, according to Dennis's own admission, have oertusly been a Roman station, and seems to have the be^