Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/262

 < K i S GLAPHTBAE. pRservmtioii, aBoDutn maoaoleam, and aboa Boman trinmphal arch, which are engrared in several works. (Mm. de TAoad. torn, m p. 263 ; MilUn, Fojfoffe tUmi let DiparU Meridtanaux, torn. iiL p. 394. pi. 63. fig. 1.) The triumphal arch is much damaged. The lower part oontains eight oolomns, two on each side of the arch, or fbar on each front; and foar bas-reliefs without inscriptions : the figores, which are above six feet high, represent captives chained, men and women ; only two heads are entire. A garland of leaves and fraits, scnlptnred with great dkill, orna- ments the archivolt. In the interoolomniations there are the remains of consoles, which, it is sap' posed,* supported statues. The bm'lding, which is called a mausoleum, is about 60 feet high, resting on a square base formed of large stones, and consisting of three stories or stages. The lowest is a qua- drangular stylobate, on the upper part of each face of which is a bas-reliei The next stage, which is also square in the plan, has four open faces, and fluted pillars engaged, with Corinthian capitals. The third stage rests on a circular basement, above which are ten fluted columns with Corinthian ca- pitals, surmounted by an entablature, above which is a kind of dome. This third stage is a kind of little temple, with open spaces between the columns. The friezes and the archivolts are ornamented with bas-reliefs. There were two male figures in this little temple clothed with the toga, which used to rest against the columns, where they had fallen or been thrown down. They have been set again on their base, and the heads have been restored ; but, as generally happens, the heads make a miserable contrast with the rest of the figures. It is generally supposed that this building is a tomb, though some writers deny it But it has the following inscription, as reported in a recent work: sex. l. m. ivuki c. F. PARBMTiBva svEis. The three names appear to be Sextus, Lucius, and Marcus named Julii; and the c. F. signify **cnraverunt faciendum." It is, therefore, clearly a monumental building. On Italian sepulchral inscriptions " fecenmt" or ^ fecit" is the common expression; but *'&ciendum curaverunt" also occurs. (Fabretti, Inter. AnLj jrc, Romae, 1699, p. 358, &c.) Perhaps some careless copier of the inscription has put the c. before the F. It is a con- clusion of some French writers, which must be rejected, that the Julii who erected this monument were connected by blood or alliance with the Roman Julii. Some even conclude that it was erected in honour of the dictator Caesar and of Augustus. They further conclude, without thdr premises, that it was erected in the first century of the Christian aeia, and that the bas-reliefs represent the conquests of Caesar in Gallia. It was usual for Galli to take the names of their Roman patrons; and these Julii may be Galli whose ancestors had received some favour from the dictator, and probably the Roman citizenship. The style of the edifice certainly shows that it does not belong to a lata period of the empire; and that is all that we can say. A silver coin of Glanum is mentioned, with the stamp of Massilia and the legend rAoyuewy, from which we may conclude that this place was at some time dependent on Massilia. (D'Anville, Notice, ^c; Walckenaer, Gtog.,i^. vol. ii. p. 214; Ukert, Gallimy p. 435; Richard et Uocquart, Gwde du Voyageur, GLA'PHYRAE (rXo^wpoO, a town of Thessaly, mentioned by Ijlomer along with Boebe and lolcoe OLTPPU. 1003 (71 ii 712 ; oomp. Steph. B. t, v.), but of which the name does not subsequently occur. Leake con- jectures that it is represented by the Hellenic ruins situated upon one of the hills above the modem vil- lage of Kdprtna, between Boebe and loloos. The entire drcnit of the citadel on the summit of the hill may be traced, and on its lower side part of the wall is still standing. (Leake, Northern Greece^ vol. iv* p. 432.) GLAUCANTTAE, or GLAUSAE (rXaMcavTrai, or rAovaeu, Arrian, v. 20), the name of a people conquered by Alexander during his Indian expedi- tion. They appear to have lived near the banks of the Hydaspes. Alexander gave their country to Porus. Arrian says that the name is written Glaucanicae by Aristob^lus, and Glausae by Ptolemy. [V.] GLAUCONNE'SUS. [Euboea, p. 872, a.] GLAUCUS (rxovirof). There are no less than four rivers of this name in Asia Minor: 1. A tribu- tary of the Phasis in Colchis, now called Tekorocmm, (Strab. xi. p. 498; Plin. vi. 4.) 2. One of the two small rivers by the union of which the Apsorrhus or Acampsis, in Pontus, is formed. (Ptol. v. 6. § 7.) 3. A tributary of the Maeander in Phrygia, not fiff from Eumeneia. (Plin. v. 29.) There are coins with the name of this river. (Leake, Atia Minor, p. 157.) 4. A river in Lycia, on the frontier of Caria, which empties itself into the bay of Tehnissus, whence that bay is sometimes called ^nut Glaucut. (Plin. vi. 29 ; Quint Smym. Potthom, iv. 6, folL; Strab. xiv. p. 651.) The modem name of the bay is Mahri, Steph. B. mentions a Vfittas TAa^icou, which was probably a place on the banks 4>f the river. [L. S.] GLAUCUS, a river cf Achaia. [Achala, p. 18, b.] GLESSARIA INSULA. [Aucteratia.] GLINDITIONES, a people or town of Illyricum (Plin. iii. 22), probably represented by Ljtibinje in the Herzeffowina, [E. B. J.] GLISAS (T/daas or TXlfftrasi Eth, TKurdmws), an ancient town of Boeotia, mentioned by Homer in the same line with PUtaea (/Z. iL 504), and cele- brated in mythology as the place where the Epigoni fought against the Thebans, and where the Argive chiefs were buried who fell in the battle. (Paus. i. 44. § 4, ix. 5. § 13, ix. 8. § 6, ix. 9. § 4, ix. 19. § 2.) Pausanias, In his description of the road from Thebes to Chalds, says that Glisas was situated bo- yood Teumessus, at the distance of seven stadia from the latter place; that above Glisas rose Mount Hy- patus, from which flowed the torrent Thermodon. (Paus. ix. 19. §2.) Strabo (ix. p. 412) pbices it on Mt Hypatus, and Herodotus (ix. 43) describes the Thermodon as flowing between Glisas and Ta- nagra. Leake identifies Glisas with the ruins on the bank of the torrent of PitUemdki, above which rises the mountain of SianuUd^ the ancient Hypatus* (Leake, Northern Greece, vol il p^ 250.) GLOTA. [Clota.] GLYCYS LLMEN. [Achkrou, p. 19, a.] GLY'PPIA or GLY'MPIA (TKvwirla, Paus. uL 22. §8), a village of Laconia, situated near the frontiers of Argolia. Glyppia is the name in Pau- sanias, who simply describe it as situated in the in- terior above Marius. It appears to be the same place as the fortress called TKvftTtis by Polybios, who places it near the borders of the Aigda and Laconia, and who relates thut the Messenians were defeated here in b. o. 218 by the Spartana, when they were endeavouring, by a round-abont march