Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/258

 GEKKHAICUS SIKUS. built of sqnan blocks of aiilt. D'AnriHe fiiM iden* tified it with the modern EUKtoy; Niebahr finds its site in the modem KomeU of the Arabs, called Gnm by the Persians (J)e»cripUon de CArabUf p. 895). Lastly, Mr. Fonter thinks that he has discovered the rains of this once important dtj " in the East India Company's Chart, seated where all the ancient anthorities had placed it, at the end of the deep and narrow bay at the month oi which are sitnated the islands of Bahrein.** (AtxtbiOy voL ii. p. 209.) His proofs of thu identification are fiilly giTen(pp. 216 — 221), and are interesting and plan- Bible; but exception may be taken to the fbUowing assertion ; ** From Strabo we learn that the dty of Gerrha lay at the bottom of a deep bay; the depth of this bay and its geographical position are defined by Pliny: from the shore or extreme recess of the Sinus Gerraicos on which the city stood, the Begio Attene (manifestly a peninsular district) projected at a distance of 50 Roman miles firom the opposite shore into the Persian gulC" Now, as Strabo is the only anthority for the site of the city, and hb de- scription is contained in the words Mx*i 8^ Ti}r doAiimif Ki€uco<rlovs ffroHlovs 4 irdXu, it most be admitted that ** the bottom of a deep bay," " or 25 Roman miles yrom the open sea," is a wide dednction from this statement; and the position of " the cxtoi- sive ruins of an ancient city," marked in the Com- pany*6 Chart on the coast, is perhaps the strongest Hrgument against their identity with the ancient Gerrha, which, howerer, seems to be sufficiently confirmed by the other eridence dted by Mr. Forster. (Sec also vol. i. p. 1 97.) [G. W.] GERRHAICUS SINUS, mentioned in connection with Gerrha only by Pliny (ri 32), between the Sinus Capeus on the north and the Siegio Attene on the south. [Atta Vtcus.] Identified by Mr. Forster with the modem Gvlf of Bahrein in the passages referred to under the last article. [G. W.] GERRHUS (T4^os, Ptol. iii. 5. § 12; PUn. iv. 12; Steph. B. s.v.), a river of Scytlua, and region bearing the same name, where ^ tombs of the Scythian kings were. (Herod, iv. 19.) This region must have been at a considerable cQstance up the Borysthenes, as we are told that forty days' naviga- tion on that river were required before it was arrived at. (Herod, iv. 53.) Potocki {Fojfaffe dans les Steps d^AstraJAan et du CaueasSj Paris, 1829, vol. i. pp. 145, 163, 172, 388) has identified this with the district below the cataracts of the Dnieper, where the river becomes navigable, and where there are now in fact a number of ancient tombs or " tumuli " in the neighbourhood of Takmak. (Comp. Schalarik, Slav. Alt vol. i. p. 516.) It is difiicult to reconcile the description ol the courses and confluence of the Gerrhus, Panticapes, and Hippacyris with modem geograj^y. Beyond the Panticapes {Kouskawoda) was the oountiy of the nomad Scythians. It is a steppe des- titute of wood, and comprehending a space of 14 days' journey, in an eastern direction, as far as the river Gerrhus, or the steppe of the Noffol Bo- jond the river Gerrhus tlie raling horde of the Scythians who were named " royal," first appear. (Herod, iv. 19.) The Hypaeyris is generally con- sidered to be the same as the Kalantchak, Ac- cording to Herodotus, the Gerrhus fell into the Hypaeyris; by which must be understood, not the KalaiUehakj but the Outlouk, The course of this river appears clear enough in Pliny and Ptolemy (JL c). Pliny agrees with Herodotus in making it GERUNIUH. 999 the boondaiy between the Nomad and Royal Scy- thians, and with Ptolemy in conducting it finally into the Palus Maeotis; the difference only is, that Pliny leads it into the lake Buobs, which commnni* cates with the gulf Coretus and the Pains Maeotis, while Ptolemy discharges it considerably to the £. of the lake Buges or Byce (B6ic7i Xlianf), The Gerrhus is probably represented by the Mohschnyo' woda, which fioraas stUl a shallow lake or manh at its embouchure. (Comp. Schafarik, Slav. AU, vol. L p. 270 ; Rennell, Geog. of Herod, vol. L pp. 75, 88,93,94.) [KB. J.] GERRHUS, GERRHI. [ALBAmA.] GERRU'NIUM, a fortress of Phaebates, a district of the Dassaretii on the Ulyrian border of Mace- donia, which was taken and sacked by L. Apustius, a Roman officer, detached by Solpidus, to ravage the territory of Philip, in the breaking out of the war against that prince. (Liv. xzxi. 27.) Germ- nium (Gertunium ?) is the same place as the Gbr^ Tus (TtpTovs), a place on the frontier of Dassaretia, which ScerdelaTdas had taken from Philip, and which the latter retook in the second year of the Social War (Polyb. v. 108). Gerus (repoOt). men- tioned in the same chapter of Polybius, is a difierent place from Gerruninm, which was, probably, lower down on the vaUey of the Uzumi than Antipatria (^BeraC)j perhaps near the junction of the UzLmi and DevoL (Leake, Tra». m North. Greece, voL iu. p. 327.) [E. B. J.] GERULA'TA or GERULATIS, a town in Pan- nonia, where a Roman frontier garrison was stationed. {TL AnL p. 24 7 ; Not Imp.) It is identified with the modem CarJbwrg or Oroszvar, and some believe it to be the same as the town X9pr6€oXos, men- tioned by Ptolemy (u. 1 5. § 3). [L. S.] GERUNDA (r«pwv5a, Ptol. ii. 6. § 70 : Eth. Gerundenses, Plin. iii. 3. s. 4), a small inland town of the Ausetani, in the N£. comer of Hispania Tar- raconensis, on the & side of the river Alba (7>r), and on the high road from Tanraco to Narbo Martins. Under the Romans it was a civitas LaHwrum, bo- longing to the conventus of Tarraoo. It stood on a hiU near Gerona. (Plin., Ptol., ILcc; Itin. Ant p. 390; Tab. Peut. ; Geog. Rav. It. 42; Pradent. Peisteph. iv. 29, where it is called parva ; Ukert, vol.u. ptl.p.426.) [P-S.] GERU'NIUM (Pfpo^ior), a small town or fortress of Apulia, not fisr from Larinum, in which Hannibal established his winter-quartera af^er the •campaign agamst Fabius, b. c. 2 1 7. The Roman general en- camped at Calela in the territory of Lwinum, and it was between these two places that the action took pUu» in which Minndus was defeated by the Oar- thagmian general, and saved only by Uie timely as- sistance of Fabius. (Pol. iii. 100—102, 105, 107; Liv. zxil 18, 24 — 28.) No subsequent mration of Geranium is found in andent writers; it is termed by Livy a ^ castellum inops Apuliae" (xxii. 39), and was probably always a small pUce. But its name (writtoi Geronnm) is found in the Tab. Pent, which places it 8 M. P. from Larinum, on a road leading ftom thence to Bovianum ; and this distance accords with the sUtement of Polybius (iii. 100), that it was 200 stadia (25 M. P.) from Luceria. Its site is fixed by local antiquarians at a place still caUed Gerione or Girone, between Casa Calenda and Montorio, where a town or village still existed down to a late period, and where some andent remains have been found. This position wonkl appear to be rather too near Larinum (from which it ia only 4 884