Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/246

Rh from whom it is conjectured that the place took its new name. [G. L ] GENAUNI (Hor.; Eth. Γεναῦνοι, Strab.) or GENAUNES (Plin.), a fierce and warlike tribe (implacidum genus) of Rhaetia, subdued by Tiberius and Drusus in the reign of Augustus. They lay between the lakes Magqgiore and Como in the modern Valle di Non. (Hor. 4.14. 10; Strab. iv. p.206; Plin. Nat. 3.20. s. 24.) It has been conjectured that, instead of Βενλαῦνοι in Ptolemy (2.13.1), we ought to read Γεναῦνοι; and in Florus (4.12), instead of “Breunos, Senones,” we ought to read “Breunos, Genaunos.” (Forbiger, Geographic, vol. iii. p. 444.)

GENE´SIUM (Γενέσιον), a place in the Argeia upon the Argolic gulf, S. of Lerna, and N. of the mountain pass, called Anigraea, leading into the Thyreatis. (Paus. 2.38.4.) Pausanias, in another passage (8.7.2), calls the place Genethlium (Γενέθλιον), and says less correctly that near it was the spring of fresh water rising in the sea, called Dine; whereas this spring of fresh water is to the S. of the Anigraea. [ARGOS p. 202b.] Near this place Danaus is said to have landed. [APOBATHMI] No remains of Genesium have been found, but it must have stood near the village of Kyvéri. (Leake, Morea, vol. ii. pp. 477, 480; Boblaye, Recherches, &c. p. 48; Ross, Reisen im Peloponnes, p. 152; Curtius, Peloponnesos, vol. ii p. 371.)

GENE´TES (Γενήτης), the name of a small river and harbour on the coast of Pontus, near Cotyora. (Strab. xii. p.548; Steph. B. sub voce Scylax, who calls it Γενέσιντις. Some authors also mention a promontory (῎ακρα Γενηταία) in that neighbourhood (Steph. B. sub voce l.c.; Apollon. 2.1009; V. Fl. 5.148); and Pliny (6.4) speaks of a people Genetae in the same district. [L. S ]

GENE´THLIUM (Γενέθλιον), 1. A place near Troezen, where Theseus is said to have been born. (Paus. 2.32.9.)

2. In the Argeia, also written Genesium. [GENESIUM]

GENEVA Caesar (Caes. Gal. 1.6) describes Geneva as the furthest town of the Allobroges, and nearest to the borders of the Helvetii. The Rhodanus was the boundary between the Allobroges and the Helvetii; and a bridge over the Rhone at Geneva connected the two territories. Since the time of Aldus the editors have kept the reading “Geneva” in Caesar's text; but there is hardly any good MSS. authority for it. The best MSS. have “Genua,” which reading Schneider has in his edition of the Gallic War. The authority for Geneva is an inscription of doubtful age, which has GENEVENS. PROVINCIA: but two other inscriptions have GENAVENSIBVS. The Greek version of Caesar has Γενοΐα and Γενουΐα. (Schneid. ed. Caesar.) In the Antonine Itin. the form Cenava occurs, and Cennava or Gennava in the Table. Neither Strabo nor Ptolemy mentions Geneva. The French form of the name is Genève, and the German is Genf. After Caesar's time we hear no more of Geneva for about 400 years. There is no authority for naming it Colonia Allobrogum.

The operations of Caesar in the neighbourhood of Geneva are described under the article HELVETI. [G. L.]

GENNESARET [PALAESTINA; TIBERIAS MARE.]

GE'NUA (Γένουα, Strab., Ptol.: Eth. Genuensis: Genoa), the chief maritime city of Liguria, situated on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, at the bight of the extensive bay now known as the Gulf of Genoa, but in ancient times called the Sinus Ligusticus. It appears to have been from a very early period the chief city on the coast of Liguria, and the principal emporium of trade in this part of the Mediterranean; an advantage which it naturally owed to the excellence of its port, combined with the facility of communication with the interior by the valley of the Porcifera. Its name, indeed, is not mentioned in history until the Second Punic War; but it then appears at once as a place of considerable importance. Hence, when the consul P. Scipio abandoned the in. tention of pursuing Hannibal up the valley of the Rhone, he at once returned with his fleet to Genua, with the view of proceeding from thence to oppose the Carthaginian general in the valley of the Padus. (Liv. 21.32.) And at a later period of the war (B.C. 205), when Mago sought to renew the contest in Liguria and Cisalpine Gaul, it was at Genua that he landed, and made himself master of that city in the first instance; though he subsequently transferred his head-quarters to Savo, for the purpose of carrying on operations against the Ingauni. (Liv. 28.46, 29.5.) He appears to have destroyed the town before he quitted the country; on which account we find (in B.C. 203) the Roman praetor Sp. Lucretius charged with the duty of rebuilding it. (Id. xxx. l.) From this time Genua is rarely mentioned in history, and its name only occurs incidentally during the wars of the Romans with the Ligurians and Spaniards. (Liv. 32.29; V. Max. 1.6.7.) It afterwards became a Roman municipium, and Strabo speaks of it as a flourishing town and the chief emporium of the commerce of the Ligurians; but it is evident that it never attained in ancient times anything like the same importance to which it rose in the middle ages, and retains at the present day. (Strab. iv. p.202, v. p. 211: Plin. Nat. 3.5. s. 7; Ptol. 3.1.3; Mel. 2.4.9.) It was from thence, however, that a road was carried inland across the Apennines, proceeding by Libarna to Dertona; and thus opening out a direct communication between the Mediterranean and the plains of the Po (Strab. v. p.217; Itin. Ant. p. 294; Tab. Peut.), a circumstance that must have tended to increase its commercial prosperity. The period of the construction of this road is uncertain. Strabo ascribes it to Aemilius Scaurus; but from an inscription we learn that it was called the Via Postumia. A curious monument, illustrative of the municipal relations of Genua under the Roman government, is preserved in an inscription on a bronze tablet, discovered in the year 1506, and still preserved in the Palazzo del Comune at Genoa. It records that, a dispute having arisen between the Genuates and a neighbouring people called the Veiturii, concerning the limits of their respective territories, the question was referred to the senate of Rome, who appointed two brothers of the family of Minucius Rufus to decide it; and their award is given in detail in the inscription in question. This record, which dates from the year of Rome 637 (B.C. 117), is of much interest as a specimen of early Latin; and would also be an important contribution to our topographical knowledge; but that the local names of the rivers (or rather streamlets) and mountains therein mentioned are almost without exception wholly unknown. Even the position of the two tribes, or “populi,” most frequently mentioned in it, the Veturii, and Langenses or Langates, cannot be determined with any certainty;