Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/245

986 about 24 miles from Terranova) must have been comprised in the territory of Gela. [E. H. B.j

GELAE (Γῆλαι, Strab. xi. pp. 508, 510; Eth. Γέλαι, Plut. Pomp. 100.35; Eth. Γέλοι, Ptol.), a warlike tribe who lived along the shores of the Caspian sea, in the district now called Gilan, which not impossibly derives its name from them. They were probably allied to, and an offshoot of, the still greater tribe of Cadusii, who occupied nearly the same localities. [CADUSII] Strabo divides the territory along the S. shores of the Caspian between the Gelae, Cadusii, Amardi, Witii, and Anariacae (xi. p. 508). If, as is likely, this order from W. to E. is correct, the Gelae would be the tribe next to Armenia, and immediately to the E. of the Araxes or Kúr. Their land is said to have been poor and unfruitful. Little is known of their history as distinct from that of the Cadusii. Pliny considers the Cadusii to be a Greek, and Gelae an Oriental name (6.16. s. 18), which would favour the hypothesis that the modern Gilan is connected with the ancient Gelae. [V]

GELBIS a branch of the Mosel, mentioned by Ausonius in his poem (Mosella, 5.359):-- "Te rapidus Gelbis, te marmore clarus Erubrus,--Nobilibus Gelbis celebratus piscibus." The Gelb may be the Kill, which joins the Mosel on the left bank, below Augusta Trevirorum (Trier, Trèves). [G.L]

GE´LDUBA is described by Pliny (19.5) as a “castellum Rheno impositum.” It is mentioned by Tacitus several times (Hist. 4.26, 32, 36, &c.), from whom we may collect that it was near Novesium. The Antonine Itin. places it on the left bank of the Rhine, on the road from Cologne to Leiden, between Novesium (Neuss) and Calo [CALO]. The distances and the modern name, Gellep or Gelb, determine the position of Gelduba. [G.L]

GELLA. [VACCAEI.]

GELO'NI (Γελωνοί, Hdt. 4.108; Plin. Nat. 4.12; Amm. Marc. 31.2.14), a people associated with the Budini [BUDINI] by Herodotus (l.c.). Schafarik (Slav. Alt. vol. i. p. 186) remarks that, beyond the mention in Herodotus, nothing is known about the Geloni. The later writers appear to have misunderstood his statement while repeating it. It is possible that the name Geloni might be formed out of that of Hellenes among the Slaves and Fins. Such Μιξέλληνες were common enough in the towns upon the Euxine. Schafarik, who believes the Budini to belong to the Slavic family, asserts that the wooden town GELONUS, described as being in the middle of the Budini, is an exact representation of the primitive Slavic towns down even to the twelfth century. (Comp. Grote, Hist. of Greece, vol. iii. p. 327.) [E.B.J]

GEMELLA. [ACCI, TUCCI.] GEMINAE. [GALLAECIA.]

GEMINAE, in Gallia Narbonensis, a station in the Table on the road from Lucus (Luc) over the Cottian Alps. It is an uncertain position. (Walckenaer. Géog., &c. vol. iii. p. 45.) [G.L]

GEMINIACUM, a place in North Gallia, on a route in the Antonine Itin. from Castellum (Cassel) to Colonia (Cologne). The Table has a route from Teruanna (Thérouenne) also to Cologne. The two roads unite at Nemetacum (Arras), whence the road ran through Camaracum (Cambray) and, Bagacum (Bavay) to Vodgoriacum (Voroborgiacum in the Table), and thence to Geminiacum. The distances in the Itin. and the Table do not agree, though they seem to differ less than D'Anville makes them differ. The next station after Geminiacum is Perniciacum, and the next is Aduatuca Tungrorum (Tongern), a certain position. The road from Bavay to Tongern is straight. D'Anville identifies the Geminiacum with Gemblou, and he adds that in later times Geminiacum was written Gemmelacum and Gemblacum. Walckenaer makes the place Vieuville. It was probably within the limits of Caesar's Nervii. A great number of places in this part of Gallia have the termination acum. De Valois (quoted by D'Anville) supposes that the Roman troops mentioned in the Notitia under the name Geminiasences, and placed “intra Gallias,” derived the name from the place. [G.L]

GENABUM (Κἡναβον: Orléans), a city of the Carnutes, a Celtic people. Ptolemy (2.8.13) places the Carnutae along the Seine; and he names two cities in their country, Autricum and Cenabum. The latitude in which he places Cenabum is pretty near the truth: and he places Autricum (Chartres) correctly, both north and west of Orleans. Strabo (p. 191) states, that Genabum (Γήναβον) is on the Liger (Loire), about half way between the source and the outlet, or, perhaps, about the middle of the navigable part; a description which agrees very well with the position of Orleans. He calls it the emporium of the Carnutes. The Roman Itineraries fix the position of Genabum at Orléans. One road runs from Nevirnum (Nevers), on the east side of the Loire, to Genabum, and thence direct to Lutetia. The distance from Genabum to Lutetia does not quite agree in the Table and in the Antonine Itin.; but both are near enough to show that, if we assume Lutetia to be Paris, Genabum must be Orleans. Caesar (Caes. Gal. 7.3) mentions Genabum as a town of the Carnutes, in which the great insurrection began in B.C. 52. He describes it (B. G. 7.11) as situated on the Loire. The true reading in the passage is--“oppidum Genabum pons fluminis Ligeris contingebat” (not “continebat.” ) The narrative of Caesar shows that the town was on the north side of the Loire, as Orléns is: and there was a bridge from it to the south side. Caesar broke into Genabum (B.C. 52) after the insurrection there, set it on fire, and crossed the Loire to besiege Avaricum. [AVARICUM] In his winter campaign against the Carnutes in the next year, he quartered his men amidst the ruins of the town and in the huts.

Under the later empire this town had the name of Aureliani, of which word the name Orléans is a corruption. The name “Civitas Aurelianorum” occurs in the Notitia Imp., and Orléans was then the chief town of a diocese, distinct from that of the Carnutes. Aimoin, a writer of the sixth century, (quoted by Walckenaer), distinctly states that “Genabus,” as he calls it, is Aureliani. Walckenaer also says that a faubourg of Orleans “has long had the name of Génabie.” There are some traces of the Roman walls of Orléans, which may have been built as late as the time of the emperor Aurelian,