Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/235

 9r6 GARAPHl. GA'RAPHI MONIES (to Tapatpa 6frn), a moun- tain chain of Mnaretanta Caesarieiuiis, foimiiig a part of the range which separates the vallevs of the Chinalaph and Savus. (Ptol. it. 2. § 14.) ' [P. S.] GARBATA MONS (rdpeara ( rh Tdf^arov ipos, Ptol. iv. 7. §§ 26, 31), was the southern portion of the ridge of mountains which separated Aethiopia from the Red Sea, and of which the most southerly and loftiest projection was Mount Eleplias {Cape Felix or Djebel Fed). The entire range commenced at the eastern frontier of Egypt and Aethiopia, and extended from the 15 th to the 1 1th degree of Ut. N., running for the most part in a SE. direction. Aethiopia, or the modem Abyssinia^ is a region of highlands which, as they advance south- ward, increase in altitude. Mons Garbata com- menced to the S. of Azume, and was the loftiest portion of the range. It contained mines of gold and quarries of porphyry. [W.B.D ] GA'REA, GAREA'TES. [Teoea.] GARESCUS (XofrHiTKOs al. TapUrKos, Ptol. iii. 13. § 25; Geresci, PUn. iv. 10), a place in Mace- donia, probably somewhere in the head of the valley of the river Zygactes — Nevrocopo, [E. B. J.] GARGA'NUS (rb Tdpywoy^ Streb.), a mountain and promontory on the E. coast of Italy, still called MorUe GarffonOf which constitutes one of the most remarkable features in the physical geography of the Italian peninsula, being the only projecting headland of any importance that breaks the monotonous line of coast along the Adriatic from Otranio to Anoona. It is formed by a compact mass of limestone moun- tains, attaining in their highest point an elevation of 5120 feet above the sea, and extending not less than 35 miles from W. to E. Though consisting of the same limestone with the Apennines, and therefore geologically connected with them, this mountain group is in fact wholly isolated and detached, being separated from the nearest slopes of the Apennines by a brond strip of level country, a portion of the great plain of Apulia, which extends without inter- ruption from the banks of the Aufidus to those of the Frento. (Swinburne's Travels, vol. i. pp. 151, 152; Zannoni, Carta del Regno diNapoli,) Its con6gu- ration is noticed by many ancient writers. Stiubo speaks of it as a promontory projecting out to sea from Sipontum towards the E. for the space of 300 stadia; a distance which ui nearly correct, if mea- sured along the coast to the extreme point near Vietti, (Strab. vi. p 284.) Lucan also well de- scribes it as standing forth into the waves of the Adriatic, and exposed to the N. wind from Dalmatia, and the S. wind from Calabria. (Lucan, v. 379.) In ancient times it was covered with dense forests of oak C^ QuerceU Gai^ni," Hor. Cartn. ii. 9.7;'' Gar- ganum nemus," Id. Ep. ii. 1. 202; SiL Ital. iv. 563), which have of late years almost entirely disappeared, though, according to Swinburne^ some portions of them were still visible in his time {Travels j vol. i. p. 155; Giustiniani, Diz, Geogr. del Regno di No- poHf pt. ii. vol. iii. pp. 92 — ^98). Strabo mentions in this neighbourhood (but without directly connect- ing it with the Garganus) a hill called Drium, about 100 stadia distant from the sea, on which were two shrines of heroes {vp^), the one of Calchas, with an oracle which was consulted in the same manner as that of Faunus in Latium; the other of Poda- leirius, from beneaih which flowed a small stream gifted with extraordinary healing powers. The same circumstances are alluded to by Lycophran, from whom it would appear that the stream was named GARGARA. Althaena. (Str^b. vi. p. 284 ; Lyoophr. Alex. 1(H7 — 1055.) The exact locality has been a subject of dispute ; but as we find a similar mention of a stiam of limpid water which healed all diseases, in the le- gend of the appearance of St. Michael that gave nse to the foundation of the modem town of M<mk S. Angela, — on a lofty hill forming <me of the oSlshacti of the Garganus, about 6 miles from i/a«/r«2oMd, — it seenu very probable that tliis was no other thu the Drium of Strabo, and that the sanctuary of the archangel has succeeded, as is so often the esse, to another object of local worship. The whole range of Mt Garganus is now frequently called Afonte S. An- gela, from the celebrity of this spot; and the num of Drium seems to have been sometime m/ti vith tbe same extension among the Greeks, as there b very little doubt that for 'Ap/or in Scylax we slunld read Aplov, the promontory of which he is there speaking being evidently the same as the Gaipin& (Scyl. § 14; Gronov. ad lac.) On the southern slope of Mt. Garganus, about 4 miles E. of Monte SL Angela^ a straggling vilh^ still called Mcttinataf with a tower and small port, has preserved the name of the Matdi us of Honee, which is correctly described by an old commeotsfaf MS ** m<ms et promontorium in Apulia.** The bum appears to have properly belonged to this sonAeni offshoot of the Garganus; but in one passage Hocue would seem to apply the name of ** Matins cam- mina" to the loftiest summits of the range. AS these hills are (xnrered with aromatic heris, sod pro* dHce excellent honey, whence the well-known ailoaon of the same poet to the '* apis Matina." (Hor. Carm. i. 28. 3, iv. 2. 27, £pod, 16. 28.) Lucan alsospeab of the ** calidi buxeta Matini " as adjoining and onr- looking the phiins of Apulia (ix. 182). There is do evidence of the existence of a town of this naOK, u supposed by one of the old scholiasts of Uonce; aad certainly no authority for the change suggested bj some modem writei-s, that we should read in Pfioj MaHnates for '* Merinatcs ex Gargano." HolitefflU and others have clearly shown that^n ancient ton called Merinum stood near the NE. point of tk promontory, about 5 miles from the modem VieA It continued to be a budiop's see until late in tl» middle ages, and the f^ite is still marked by an lo- cieut church called Sta. Maria di Merino. (HdstetL NoL in Cluver. p. 278; Romanelli, voLiL p. 214.) Tbe flanking ridges which extend down to the sea on both sides of the Garganus afford several coves or small harbours well adapted for sheltering small ye»k, Of these the one now called Porto Greco, aboot 8 miles S. of Viesti, is generally supposed to be the A0A8V8 PoRTUS of Pliny, which be appears to pUn S. of the promontory. The Portus Gabxax of the same author was situated between the pranumtorT and the Lacus Pantanus {Logo di Lesina): it cannot be identified with certain^; but it seem probable that it was situated at the entrance of the lake now called Lago di Varano. [E. H. B.] GARG A'PH I A FONS. [Plataea.] GATiGARA {Tdpyapa or Tapryapov), one of the heights of Mount Ida in Troas (Horn. /I viiL 48, xiv. 292), which continued to bear this name even ill the time of Strabo (xiii. p. 583 ; comp. Plin. v. 32; Macrob. Sat. v. 20; Stepb. B. s. v.). Its modev > name'lrmud to T)e Kazdag. (Walpole^j Menmrs relating to Turkey^ p. 120.) A town of the same name exbted from early times upon that height, or rather on a branch <^ it forming a cape on Uie imtli of the bay of Adramyttium, between Antandnis a^ i. -^ :'•'. i'dtC.X/', ^SA' ^.;i^- ^