Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/220

 GALLIA TRANS of Gidlia Togata. [Galua GnALPmA.} The town gat«, the roads, and all the plucee by which he passed were decorated with every de- vice that could be thought of. The whole popu- lation, with their children, came out to meet hiro. The temples and the fora were set out with all the pageantry of a Roman religious fetitival. The wealthy showed their magnificence, and the poor their good will. The ItiUians of Cuutlpina Gallia were proud of their goTemor ; for he had tamed the warlike nations north of the Alps, the men who for centuries had been the terror of Italy. No com- mander ever better deserved such fame as is due to military sncceaa. The conquest of Gallia b the greatest exploit that a soldier has ever acoom- plijfhed. Caesar returned to Nemetocenna; and, for some reason which does not appear, called all his troops from their quarters, and led them to the borders of the Treviri.. There he, the Pontifex Maximus of the Romans, the head of the religion of the 8tate, performed the solemn ceremony of a Instratio, or purification. Both he and his men had much need of iL The war was over, the country was quiet; and he moved about just enough to keep himself in health and hk troops. (B, G. viii. 52.) It was B. c. 50, the year before he crossed the Rubicon. It is hard to understand how so buKy a man got through an idle summer.. The next year he had plenty to do in Italy. Caesar really makes four divisions of Gallia, though he formally mentions only three, for he ex- cludes the Provincia; nor does he determine the lunits of the Provincia, though we can make them out ai«urately enough. Of these four divisions, Provincia, Aquitania, the country of the Celtae, and the countiy of the Belgae, two have been described. [Aquitamia, BeijGAB.] The lunits of the Pro- vincia are described in that article. [Provincia.] The Alpine tribes do not belong to any of these divisions. Caesar*s threefold division of Gallia, excluding the Provincia, was not arbitrarily made by himself; it is a division founded on the gecgraj^cal dia- meter of the country and the national charscter of the people. We see from his Commentaries that the Celtae knew their own limits well, both on the side of the Aquitani and on the side of the Belgae. Ha has traced the northern boundary of the Celtae by the Seine and its great branch the Mamtj but he jias not mentioned the boundary from the source of the Mame to the Rhine. He did not go further north in this part than the country of the Lingones; and it is not his manner to tell us what he did not know, or what did not concern his military opera- tions. However, the boundary of the Celtae, from the source of the Jfame to the Rhine, may be determined well enough for all purposes. [BELaAE.] These natural diviainns of Caesar are mentioned by later writera as existing divisions, though the poli- tical divisions were changed. Mela (iii. 2) makes the Garonne the boundary of Aquitania, though it was not so in his time ; but if we take his division to be a dit'ision according to races, which he seems to mean, it is true. Pliny (//. N. iv. 17) bXm says that Gallia Comata, which is all Gallia except the Provincia, is distributed among three peoples, whose boundaries are chiefly marked by rivers : from the Scaldis {Schelde) to the Seine is Belgica ; from the Seine to the Garonne is Celtica; and thence to the Pyrenees is Aquitania. This is correct for YOU L GALLIA TRANS. 961 Celtica oonsidersd as the oonntiy of the Celtae ; but when he adds, " which Celtica is also called Lug- dunensis," he makes an error, for Lugdunensis did not extend to the Garonne, But the error is in the form of expression, and it is easy to see how he fell into iL The following are the nations of Celtica, as Pliny calls the country of the Celtae. Caesar does not • use the term Celtica. The Helvetii were be- '. tween the Jura, the Leman lake, and the Rhine. The Sbquani were west of the Helvetii, and ex- tended to the Sa&ne : they had the valley of the Alduasdubis or Dubis {Douba), The south part of the country between the Sadne and the Rlione, the modem department of Ain, was occupied by the Ambarri. The Allobboqes, who belonged to the Provincia, had some possessions north of the Rhone, and they would in this part be the neigh- bours of the Ambarri. The Raukaci, neighboure of the Sequani,were along the west bank of the Rhine : they extended from a point on the river above Bale to the borders of the TiiiBOOci. The Aedui were west of the Sequani, and their territory extended westward to the Loire, The Mandubu on the north were a dependent state of the Aedui. The position of tlic Bkannovices, or Bbamnoyii, ako dependents of the Aedui, is un- certain. The Segusiahi, or Sebusiani, on the west side of the Rhone, were also dependents of the Aedui; the colony of Lugdunuh (^Lyon) was pUnted in their countiy. The Abverhi were west of the southern part of the territory of the Aedui ; and they had as de* pendent states the Gabau and Vkixayi, or Vel- launi, on the south-east, and the Cadurci on the south-west. The RuTEia, south of the Arverni, were in Caesar's time divided into two parts, Ruteni Pro- vinciales (B. G.yiL 7), who belonged to the Pro- vincia ; and Ruteni, who belonged to the country of the Celtae. The Nitiobbioes were west of the Ruteni, and on the Garotme, The smaller part of their territory seems to have been south of the river, and they were considered to belong to the Celtae ; but they may have been a mixed people. (Caes. B. G. vii. 31.) The BrruiuoKS Vivisci, not mentioned by Caesar, were about Bordeaux. The Petrocorii were north of the Nitiobriges, partly in the basin of the Duranius {Dordogne); and north-west of them were the Santomes, extending along the sea from the aestnary of the (joronne to the borders of the Pictomes or Pictavi. The Pic- tones occupied the country along the sea northwards to the mouth of the Loirtf and a considerable dis- tance inland. The position of the Lemovices east of the Santonee and Pictones, is indicated by that of the town of Limogeey and the extent of their country by the old diocese of Ldmoges. The Biturioes CuBi, north of the Lemovices, occupied the rest of Celtica south of the lAtire, The Boii, who had joined the Helvetii, were settled by Caesar (B. G. i. 28) in the territory of the Aedui. The bcsuuiiES, who are placed in the maps on the Upper Loirej north of the Vellavi, are unknown to Gallic history. [Gallia Cisalfima.] The TcROKES had territory both north and south of the Loire; and their limits are those of the dio- cese of Toun. The Andes or Akdecavi were west of the Tunmes, and on the nortli side of the Loire. The Namnbtes or Nannetes were west of the Andes, on the north side of the Loire. North 3o