Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/203

 944 GALLIA CI& narratiTB of tlie Bonum historian admits the obsti- nate resistance of the Galli, of whom 14,000 M, and 1092 of the foot were taken prisoners. The mention of the exact number of the captives is cnrioos (Lit. xxzT. 5X snd Livj probably had good authority for it The number of prisonera oonU be ascertained, ftr they would be sold. The Bomans also counted their loss in this battle by thousands. The complete subjugation of this brave people was aocom]dished by the consul P.Cornelius Scipio Nasica (B.C. 191), a cruel man, who slaughtered the Boii without mercy, and made it one of the grounds for claiming a triumph that he had left only chfldnm and old men alive. (Lir. xzzvi. 40.) In the triumph of Scipio a great quantity of the precious metal appMred. Like most undvilised people, and civilised too, as they are called, the Boii were food of gold ornaments. Th^ had also bronze vessels and silver vessels, whi<^ they made themselves, and not without skill, for the nation has always excelled in ingenuity, and shown an aptitude for idl works of taste. They must have become a very different people in their habits from the Gallic invaders whom Polybius describes. The brutal consul led in his triumph, all together, the nobles of the B<h1 and the hones that he had taken from them. The nation had surrendered (" seae de- didenmt"), according to Boman phrase ; and about half the land was dedared the property of the Boman people. This was the end of the nationality of the Boii in Italy. The survivors are said to have left the oouDtry, [Bon.] In b. c. 189 the Bomans made Bononia a Latin colony (Liv. xxxvii. 57), and six years later the Bonoan colonies (Liv. zxxix. 55) of Parma and Mutina were settled. Polybius incor- rectly speaks of Mutina ss a colony in b. o. 218. The name of the Senones had been effaced long ago; Uie Boii now disappeared, and of the Lingones we know nothing, nor of the Ananes. The whole of Gallia Cis- padana was Boman. In Gallia Tradspadana there were no enemies except the Insubres, who, next to the Boii, had made the most vigorous resistance to Borne ; but they had taken no part m the last wars, and they were now quiet. The perfidious Cenomani were long since the slaves of the Bomans, and the Veneti never gave them any trouble. It is generally supposed that Gallia Gisalpina was made a province upon the conquest of the Boii, b. c 191. But though a great part of the basin of the Po was now brought under Boman dominion, and colonies were planted, we have no account of a regular provincial administration being established. In fiwt, the Bomans dealt with their conquered countries in different ways, according to circumstances. Gallia Gisalpina was a Boman province, in one sense, long before b.o. 191, for every praetor or consul who was commissioned by the senate to cany on war there, had it for the time as his " provincia," the field of his operations. However, the making of the great road, called the Via Flaminia, from Borne to Ariminum, and the Via Aemilia from Placentia to Ariminam (b. c. 187), proves that the Bomans were now settling in the country, and it must have had some kind of administration. A road was also made from Bononia across the Apennines to Arretium. (Liv. zxxix. 1,2; Strab. p. 2 1 7.) Bat the limits of this provincial administration were less than those of the Cisalpine Gallia of Caesar^s time. The conquest of the Ligurians, both those in the plains of the Po, and those in the mountains, was not yet completed ; but these industrious, brave people were incessantly attacked by the Bomans. The consul, M. Popilllos, GALLIA CI8L made war eo the Statielli, near Carysbim (jb.c 173), and sold the people and their property, tboo^h th^ had never wtiarked the Bomans The senate, haw- ever, made amends for this monstrous injostice as fitf as they could, by an order for restoring the people to their liberty, and giving back niiat coold be foimd of their goods ; an order which we may be certain could only be imperfectly executed. (liv. xliL 7,22.) It was probably firam b. a 109, when M. Aemilius Scaums made the road from Piaae, past Lona, over the Apennines to Dertona, that we may date the subjugation of the Ligures. The lignrian conntiy was certainly a sepante province, in the Roman military sense, for some time after tlie final defeat of the BoiL (Liv. xliL 1, 10.) In B.G 186, 12,000 Transalpine Galli crossed the Alps into Venetia. Probably they came down tlw valley of the Adige. They began to boiki a town near the site when Aqnileia afterwards stood. The Bonum ooosul Maroellus (b. a 183) gave them notice to quit. He tobk from them the implements that they had seized in the country, and what they bad brought with them. These poor people sent some of their number humbly to state their case to the Boman senate : poverty had compelled them to cross the Alps, and they had chosen an uninhabited qtot, where they had settled without troubling anybody; and they had begun to build a town, which was a proof that they had not come to plunder. Tlicy were told that they must quit Italy, and their things would be restored to them. They quietly packed up their moveables and crossed the Alps under the in- spection of three Boman commissioners, who were well received by the Transalpine Galli. So bumbled was this warlike nation, that the Tnmsalpine chiefs affected to complain of the great lenity that the Bomans had shown to a body of men whoi, without permission of their nation, had dared to intrude en Boman ground. (Liv. xxxix. 54.) The coosnl liar* cellus now asked permissi<m of the senate, which he got, to lead his legions into Istria. At the same time the Bomans founded the Latin oolooy ef Aquileia, in the jsame year that they sent ciolnnist^ to Parma and Mutina. Thus they secured a po- sition at the head of the gulf of Venice, which they cai'efully maintained, to check the inrwds of bar» barians on that side of Italy, and to extend tbeir own dominion to the east of tiie gul£ In b. c 179 3000 Transalpine Galli crossed the Alps peace- ably, and begged the consul, Q. Fnlvins Flaccus, and the senate to allow them to settle in Italy as subjects of the Boman people ; but the senate oriend them to quit the country, and the consul received instructions to punish the leaders of the emigratioB. We do not know from what part these men cain^ whether from Transalpine Gallia, as limited by Caesar in his Commentaries, or from the country KKth of the eastern Alps. But, if we consider the state of Gallia as it was in Caesar's time, when the poor were oppressed by the rich, and the cultivator of the soil was a serf, we can easUy understand what drove these men to seek for a new home. We know very little of the history of Gallia Gisal- pina as a Boman province. It was rapidly filled with Bomans, and became one of the most valuable of the Boman possessions. An instance of the wanton exercise of power by the consul C. Cassias, is recorded when he held the prorince (b. c 170)l The ambassadors of a Gallic prince, Cindbil, a mountaineer, complained to the senate that Casaos had invaded the conntiy of the Alpine people, who