Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/201

 942 GALLU CIS. alpine Gallia; bat it had a less fbrtnnate and less brilliant history. (Strab. ▼. p. 214.) The other tribeB in the plain <^ the Po, whidi have not yet been spoken of, are Ligoiians, or else tribes of unknown origin. Poljbins (ii. 15) has already mentioned Tanrisci and Agones as inhabiting the hill country in the basin of the Po. He does not say that they were Galli, but he seems to mean that they were. There were Tanhad in the Gallic army at the great battle near the Telamo. (Polyb. ii. 28.) After mentioning these Tanrisci, Polybios adds that the Ligustini inhabit both sides of the Apennines. As he places the junction of the Alps and Apen- nines considerably north, and describes the position of the Tanrisci in the terms already stated, he may intend to pUce them a great way to the east, and they may be a people belonging to the Tanrisci of Noricum. If this is true, it shows that the Cisalpine Galli in their contests with the Romans got help from other Galli besides those within the limits oS Gallia Transal^nna as determined by the Romans. It is at least certain, notwithstanding the similarity of name, that Polybins, when he speaJcs of the Tan- risci does not mean the Taurini, whom he places in the west part of the basin of the Po, in the higher part of the river (iiL 60). We might infer from Po- lybios that the Tanrini were not Gidli; and Strabo (p. 204) and other authorities distinctly state that they were Ligures. Their chief town, aftnrwards Au- gusta Taurinorum(7V>ruio), determines their position in a general way, which is all that is necessary here. In that angle of the Po which is drained by the Stura and other branches of the Tanams were the Vagienni, whose limits Pliny (iii. 16) extends to Mons Vesulus. Their chief town was afterwards Augusta Vagi«inoi-nm (^Bene). [Auousi'a Vagi- ENNORUM.] East of the Vagienni were the Sta- tielli, one df whose places. Aquae Statiellae, is the modem Acqtd in the valley of the Bormida. None of these Ligurian tribes in the basin of the Po belong to Gallia Cisalpina in its limited sense of the coun- try of the Galli; but they were included in the poli- tical Gallia Cisalpina of a later period, together with Liguria south of the Apeimines. As Ligurians however they are properly treated under that name. We cannot fix the limit between the Ligures and Ananes on the south side of the Po. It was probably west of the Trebia, and certainly east of the Ta- narus. Nor can we fix tiie limit between the Li- gures and Galli on the north side of the Po ; but it seems likely that the Duria Major may have been the limit Hannibal arrived in the north of Italy b. a 218, with his forces diminished and weakened by a long march and the passage over the Alps. Before he reached Italy the Boii and Insubres took up arms and invaded the lands of Placentia and Cremona. The Roman triumviri, who had come to mark out the allotments, fied to Mutina, where they were be- sieged by the Galli. (Liv. xi. 25; Polyb. iii. 40.) L. Manlius, who was hurrying to Mutina to relieve tlie Romans there, lost many of his men from the attacks of the Galli in his march through the fo- rests, but at hist he made his way to Tanetum near the Po, where some Cenomani from Brixia came to him. Manlius was also joined at Tanetum by the praetor C. Atilins, who was sent to his aid. Though Hannibal had prepared the Italian Galli for his arrival, and relied on them for the success of his invasion, he was coldly received at first The Cenomani, Veneti, and some of the Ligures, were on GALLIA CI& the Roman side; and the Boii and Insiibns wera kept in check by the presence of the consul P. C«r- neUns Scipio. The victory of Hannibal at the Ti- cinns, though it was only a fight between cavafay, determined the disposition of his wavexin^ allies, and from this time the Galli followed him throairh his Italian campaigns. In the battle an the Trebia them were still Cen<xnani on the Roman side (lir. xxi. 55), who fought against the other GalJl who were with Hannilwl. The Carthaginian woo the battle of the Trebia, with little loss of his Iberian and Libyan soldiers. Bis Gallic auxiliaries lost a great number of men. When he crossed the Apen- nines he had a large body of Galli with him, and it required all the prudence of thb great commander to keep his turbulent, discontented auxiliaries in otda-. The Galli, however, served him well in the great battle at the Trasymene lake (b. c. 217), and also at Cannae (b. c. 216), where 4000 of them ieU — more than two-thirds of the whole loss on the Car- thaginian side. (Polyb. iiL 117.) Though the victory of Cannae bronght many of the SouSiem Italians to the side of Hannibal, they were not like the desperate fighters who had followed him from the banks of the Po, and of whom he had now lost tiie greater part without bong able to get fresh supplies. He never could recover his oamma- nication with North Italy after he had gone to the south. The Romans turned their arms against Gallia Cisalpina, both to punish the revolted GaBi and to cut Hannibal off firam getting recroits. L. Posttunins (b.o. 216), consul designatus, was sent over the Apennines into the country of the Boti, bat he and nearly all his army perished in the great forest called Litana, which was somewhere on the northern slope of the Apennines which looks to the basin of the Po. The story b told by Livy, with marvellous circumstances of exaggeration, probaUy founded on some small truth (xxiii. 24). The con- sul's head was cut off by the Boii ; and the sknll, being cleaned, was lin^ with gold, after Gallic fashion, and used as a cup in their great temj^ en solemn occasions. This barbaric practice dT the Galli was not so inhuman as Roman superstitiaSi, for the year before at Rome they had buried alive a vestal virgin who was accused of unchastity; and among the extraordinary religious ceremonies per- form^ after their great defeat at Cannae they buried a Gaul male and female, and a Greek male and fe- male, alive, In a stone vault in the cow-market. (Liv. xxii. 57.) Hannibal was still in South Italy in b. c. 207, near eleven years after he had crossed the Alps. He at- tempted to open his communication with North Italy by his brother Hasdrubal, who marched finom Spain through Gallia and crossed over the Alps into the basin of the Po, by tlie route that his bnClier had taken. Hasdrubal had been joined in Gallia by the Arvemi, — the warlike people of the Auveryne^ — and by other Gallic and Alpine tribes (Liv. xxvii. 39); and he got recruits from the Cisalpine Gaola. One of the consuls, M. Livins Salinator, who was sent to -oppose him, posted himself near the small stream Metaurum, which flows from the eastern Apennines into the Adriatic between Pisaunim and Sena. The other consul, C. Claudius Nero, who was watching Hannibal in the south, intercepted a letter from Hasdrubal to Hannibal. He saw the daziger of letting the two brothers unite their forces, and he determined to prevent it. He hurried to the nortli with a division of liis army, and joined his caUeague.