Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/197

 93B GALLIA CIS. Plete defeat. Moet of the Senones fell in the battle, and the RomanB, driving the remainder ont of the comitrj, at last got a firm footing north of the Apennines, and en the coast of the Adriatic. This was the first part of Gallia to which they sent a colonj. It was named Sena Gallica (Se$fisfaglia)j to distingaish it from Sena in Etmria. The Epitome of Livy {Ep. 1 l)places the foundation of Sena Gallica before the complete oonqnest of the Senones, which most be a mistake. This occupation of the coantry of the Senones alarmed their neighbours the Boii, who, prevailing on the Tuscans to join them, ad- vanced as far as Lake Vadimon in Etruria, apparently on their way to Bome. Bat they were met at the lake by the Romans, who slaughtered the greater part both of the Tuscans and the Buii. The next year the Etruscans and Boii mustered all the yout^ that could bear arms, and again were defeated by the Romans. The Galli and Etruscans were now glad to accept terms of peace. " These events," says Po* lybius (ii. 20), " took place in the thii-d year before Pyrrhus crossed into Italy, and in the fifth year be- fore the destruction of the Galli at Delphi ; for at these times Fortune put into all the Galli a kind of pestilential disposition ibr war." This statement fixes the events at the year b. c. 282. These wars with the Galli were the Roman apprenticeship to danger, for they never met with more desperate enemies ; and the interval of forty-five years* rest from all further disturbance from that quarter which followed the peace, left the Romans leuure to fight with Pyrrhus, who invaded Italy, and to cany on their first war with tiie Carthaginians. The Romans had excited the fears of tiie Galli by founding the Roman col<»iy of Sena; but in 268 they went ftirther north, and founded the Latin colony cf Ariminum (/2tmtm'). Polybius(ii. 2 1 ), in a few words full of meaning, shows how the new war b^an: things departed from this life by reason of their years, and a new race came on, full of passion, without reascm, and having no experience of and never having seen all kinds of evil and events, they b^an again to stir the state of aflGgurs, as is natural, and to be irritated against the Romans by any thing that occurred." The chiefs privately sent for a body of Transalpine Galli, who marched to Ariminum ; but there the common sort among the Boii, distrusting the new comers, and quarrelling with their own leaders, killed their chiefs Atis and Galatus, and then came to a pitched battle with their Transalpine allies. Five years after this (b. c. 232} the tribune C. Fla- ininius carried a bill for the division of the land in Picenum, from which they had ejected the Senones, and the distribution of it among Roman citizens. This is the allotment of the " Gallicus ager " which is often mentioned (Cic. de Sen. c. 4); a measure which Polybius considers to have been the beginning of a change in the Roman state to the worse, but which was certainly the cause of a dangerous war; for the Galli now saw that the Romans aimed at their total destruction. The Boii, who were nearest to the new Roman territory, and the Isombri (In- fiubres), the most powerful of the Gallic peoples in Italy, invited some Galli from beyond the Alps to come and help them against the Romans. These Galli, who were from the Alps and the Rhone, were called Gaesati, or " mercenaries," for that, says Po- lybius, is the proper meaning of the word. But though the word might have got that sense in the time of Polybiufi} it was apparently not the original GALLIA CIS. meaiung; for ^'gaesum" is a Gallie name fir ft javelin. The men &om beyond the Alps came imdcr the kings Concolitan and Aneroest; aud DCfver did a larger, more fomous, or more warlike body of tncfs go out of these parts of Gallia. (Polyb. iL 22.) Tk« Romans made great prepantians far this war, wfakii was to decide whether th^ or the Galli were to ba the masters of Italy. It was eight years after tha division of the lands of Picenum, and in b. cl 225, when the Gaesati came to the Pa They were joiaed by the Isombri and Boii ; but ^e Ccixanjuii and the Veneti, having been visited by some Bomsn axo- bassadors, forsook the Gallic ooofederation for a Roman alliance, and the Galli were obliged to kate a force behind them to watch these people. They entered Tuscany with 50,000 foot and 20,000 hone and waggons, under the command of Concniiitan, Aneroest, and Britomar. (Florus, iL 3.) The alarm of the Italians was bIm>wxi by tlicir readiness to assist the Romans wi^ men and ail kinds of supplies; for they did not view the Gaffi simply as the enemies of Rome, but as the enemies of the whde peninsula, from whom they ooold expeci no mercj. Polybius (ii. 24) has given an enmne- ration of the force of Italy at this critacal time, for the purpose of showing what a bold nndertakii^ HannibaJ's subsequent invasion was. The wfaols number of men capable of bearing arms, Romans and Socii, was 700,000 foot, and 70,000 bocae. The number that was called out for the defisnce of Bone was above 150,000 foot^ and 6000 hone. The Gallic army advanced through Etmria aa fSu* as Chi- sium, plundering all before them; but leamix^ that there was a Roman army in their rear, they retreated towards Faesulae, followed by the Boznana. A battle was fought, in which the Romana were defeated. The consul L. Aemilins Papus, who had been sent to Ariminum to oppose the enemy's mardi in tfaat quarter, hearing of the advance of the Galli npm Rome, moved from the upper sea, and came np with the Gnlli after their victory over the Romans. The Galli, who wished to save their booty, moved down to the coast, with the consul after them: and it happened at this time that C. Atilius BegDlns, the other consul, who was returning from Sardinia, had landed with his troops at Pisae^ and was marching towards Rome by the opposite road to that wbidi tin Galli had taken. They were going north, and the consul was coming south. Thus they were hemmed in between two armies; but, like brave and akiUal soldiers, finding an enemy before and behind, they formed two lines of battle, and presented two fztnts to their enemy's two armies. The Galli were near Telamo, as Polybius says, on the coast of Etmria, when their foragers fell in with the advanced troops of Atilius; but it is not easy to see wiiy they had got so far south, as their object was to retnMt as quickly as they could. The Gnlli fought with the most resolute courage, being in no respect inferior to the enemy, except in the quality of their weapons and their armour. It is said that 40,000 Galli perished, and 10,000 were made prisoners. " In this manner, then, the most formidable of the Celtic invasions was brought to nought, after threatening all the Italians, and especially the Romans, with great and toiible danger." (Polybius.) In the following year the Boii submitted; and in B. c. 223 the Romans for the first time crossed the Po with their armies, and invaded the country of the Insubres, under the conmumd of the consul C. Fhi- minius, who defeated the enemy in a great battki
 * When those of the Galli who had seen the terrible