Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/193

 •9S4 GALLAECU. to have subdaed all the peoples of Gallaecia (Flor. ii. 17), yet, from the few particulars recorded^ his conquests appear clearly not to have extended &r, if at all, N. of the Minins, so that they included only the CallaTci Bracarii. As, at the very same time, the proconsul M. Aemilius Leindus failed in an ex- pedition against the Yaccaei (Liv. EpiL Ivi.), and as the Astures were not subdued till the time of Au- gustus, the country of the Calhiici Lucenses, being only open to the Romans on the S., must have been very imperfectly, if at all, subjected, until it yielded to Augustus with the other NW. tribes. Besides the two capitals of Bragara Augusta (Braffa) and Lucus Auousn (Lu^), the follow- ing cities and towns are mentioned: — I. Towns of the CallaTci Bracarii: 1. Cale or Oalem (^Oporto)f at the mooth of the Durins, and on the rood from Olisipo to Bracara, 85 M. P. from the latter. 2. On the road from Bracara to Astu- rica, which made a great bend southwards to, and perhaps even beyond, the Durius (/fm. Ant pp. 422, 423): Salacia, 20 M.P. (Salamonde r); Prae- SIDIUM, 26 M. P. (Castro de Codezotof) ; Caua^ DUSUM, 16 M. P. (Ciadiaf); Ad Aquas, 18 M.P. (Trindadry, Pinetum, 20 M. P. {THnheif); Bo- BORETUM, 86 If. p. {Roikdo or Braganqa T) ; CoM- PLBUTicA, 29 M. P. (Comphtdo) ; Vemiatta, 25 M. P. (Vinhaetf); the remaining stations belong to the Astures. Besides these, Ptolemy mentions Tux- TOBRioA (TowrStpiya) and Araducta ('A/Mt- douMcra), 88 towns of the Bracarii (ii. 6. § 39). 3. On another and more direct road, leading N. from Bracara to the Minlus, and thence up the river towards Asturica {Itm. Ant, pp. 427, 428): Sala- KiANA, 21 M. p. (Santiago de Vilield) ; Aquae Orioinis, 18 M. p. (BiOMOt de Bande or Orense); Aquae Querquennae, 14 M. P. ("TSara Koua- Ktpyvy^ Ptol. Ic. § 47 : Bio Caldo) ; Gbmiitae, 16 M.P. (Baitiot de Molgat or Sandratr); Sa- IJENTE8, 14 M. P. (Calddas or Orense f)'j Pr.ve- BiDiUM, 18 M. P. (Castro de Caldelas or Bodicio /), on the border towvds the Astures. 4. On the road from Bracara to Lneus (lim. Ant. p. 429): Limia, 19 M. P., or Forum Limicorum (Ponte de Limd), probably different from the ^6pos Atfiuctiy of Pto- lemy (§ 44); TuDE, 24 M. P., or Tyde (Plin. iv. 20. s. 85; Sil. Ital. iii. 367, xvi. 369; Toi^Sai, vulgo Totfi'Sai, Ptol. Ic. § 45: TViy), a fortress of the Gruii or Gravii, said to have been founded by Dio- med and a colony of Aetolians. (Plin., Sil. Ital., ILec] Dion. Per. 485; Avien. Descr, Orft. 651: other notices of supposed Greek settlements in this quarter are found in Strabo, iii. p. 157.) . Besides these, Ptolemy (/. e.) mentions the following : Aquae Laevae (*T8ara Acui, § 40), among the Turodi; YoLOBRiQA (0{fo€piyaj § 41), among the Neme- tatae; Coeuobrioa (KoiAKJfpryo, § 42), among the Coelerini ; FoRUM Bibaix>rum (*6pos BtioKeiv, § 43: prob. Fiana de BoUo), the city of the Bi- bali; Mbrva (Mmwmx, § 46), that of the Luanci; Cambaetum (KjAfteaiTov^ § 48), that of the Lu- baeni; and Forum Narbasorum (*6pos I9ap€a^ a&v^ § 49), that of the Narbasi. To these must be added the baths of Aquae Flayiae, the ruins of which are found £. of Bracara, at Chanes on the river Tam/tga^ which is still crossed by the ancient Boman bridge of 18 arches. (Inscr. ap, G niter, p. 162. no. 4, p. 245. no. 2; Florez, Esp. S, vol. xv. p. 79 ; Miiiano, Diccion. vol. iii. p. 85 ; Ukert, vol. ii. pt 1. p. 346.) 11. Towns of the CallaTci Lucenses: 1. On the GALLIA CIS. road already mentioned (No. 4) (hmi'Bncsn t» Lucus, and thence to Asturica (Itin. AnLji^ 429, 430): firom Tnde (see above), Burbida. 16 M. P. (Borrinof); Turoqua, 16 M. P. (rooren/); Aquae Cblenae or Cblikae, 24 M. P. (*TSaTa bfptiii t£w KiAuwr, PtoL iL 6. § 25: Catdas del Bey) ; Pria, 12 M.P, which is probably ao ermr for Iria Flavia, a city of the Capori (PtoL L c § 24; Inscr. ap. Gruter, p. 305, no. 8: ElPadron), where the road, which has thus fiur kept to the K. along the sea-coast, turns NE. up the vallej cf the UUa or the Sar; Abseconia, 23 M. P. (Sautiaffo o' ComposteUa or Aseoreyf); Bbevis, 12 M.P. (UTrbo or BurresT); Mabcxae, 20 M. P., probably an error for Pons Nartiab (Geog. Bav. iv. 45: Naria^ on the river of the same name); Lucus Augustt, 13 M. P. (Lugo). 2. On the ooDtinuatioD of tbe same road to Asturica: Timaunux (FonAmetra f ), 22 M. P., or Talamina, a city of the Seniri (ToAo. fUyvii Ptol. ^ c. § 27, who mentions N. of it anotlier town of ^e same people. Aquae Qt7uniNAE,*r8a- ra KoutrrofOf Qftmia f ) ; Pons Neviab or Natiak, i. e. the Bridge of ths Biver Navia (prob. Nana de Stiama)j whence the road turns S. to UiTARXSy 20 M. P. (Cerredo or Domcos 16 M. P. from Ber- gidum in Asturia. [Astures.] 3. Another route, beginning and ending in the same general directioo, but strilung further to the NW. through the Arta* BRi, is given in the Itinerary as follows (pp. 423 — 425). From Bracara by sea to Aquae Celenae, 165 stadia; thenoe again by sea, 195 stadia to Vicus Spaooeum (Ofouca ^ G^tica, Ptol. ^ c § 23 : Vigo) thence 1 50 stadia by sea to Ad Duob Pontes (prob. Ponte^edra); thence 180 stadia by aea to Geandi- xiRux or Glandimarium (Geog. Bav. iv. 43; rKoMfupoyj Ptol. Ic: prob. Mvros^ at the mooth of the Noya)^ whence, avoiding the promontoary of Nerium (C. Finisterre)^ the road proceeded by land NE. to Triounduic, 22 M. P. (Berreo or Arantam; apparently the Tov^tya ^ To^pyva of Pioleoiy, I. &), and thence to Brioantiux, 30 M. P., the chief sea-port of the country (see art.); wbenoe it struck inland to Lucus Augusti, with the inter- mediate station of Caranicux, 18 M. P. from Bri- gantium and ] 7 from Lucus (prob. the VJap6vu» of Ptolemy, Ac: Guitinezf). Ptolemy mentioos, in addition to the above places, the following : amof^ the CallaTci Lucenses (§ 23), Bulum (Bwpoy Ouna ('OA/ya), Libunca (AiBovyica), PnrriA (ntrrta)j TuRUPTiANA (TovpovrrUan)^ Ocelum COKtkov); and among the Lenoavi (§25^ Dacto- NiUM (AaKT6¥iop)i and Pliny (iv. 20. s. 34) men- tions Abobbica, 88 a not inconsiderable pbce (Bagona), [P. S.] GAXLIA CISALPl'NA (Caes. B, G.x'i. 1), aba called GAXLLA CITE'filOR (Caes. J3. G. L 54; Cic. de Invent, ii. 37), and simply GA'LLIA (Cic. ad Fam. xii. 5), is the name which the Romana gave to North Italy as late as the time of the dic- tator Caesar and Cicero, and even to b. a 43. Caesar (B. G.L 10, 54; iL 35) sometimes includes Gallia Cisalpina under the name Italia; but he then uses the term in a geographical, and not in a political sense. The name Cisalpina denoted Gallia south Of the Alps, as opposed to Transalpina Gallia, or Gallia north of the Alpe; and Citerior is the nearer Gallia, as opposed to Ulterior (Caes. B. G. i. 7^ 10; B. C.L 33) or the further, which in Caesar means the Pro- vincia. Ulterior Gallia was also used sometimes generally, to signify all Gallia north of the Alps. The name Gallia Togata, applied to Cisalpine GaiUa