Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/189

 930 GALATIA. in chariots, for it was called a Gallic triumph; and fiftj-two Gallic chieftains walked in front of the triumphal car. (Lir. zzxiz. 6.) Whether the Galli would have ever established a Gallic kingdom in Asia, is doubtful, for the nation, though it has carried its arms into aU parts of the world, has never yet been able to subsist as a nation oat oi the limits of Transalpine Gallia. But Manlius did not give these Galli an opportunity of trying the experiment; and he did a good work in stopping the career of these merciless plunderers. Though the Galli no longer ravaged Asia, they were still troublesome to Eumenes, king of Per- gamum, whose family they had no reason for liking. In B.C. 167 Attains, the brother of Eumenes, was sent to Rome to complain of a Gallic rising (tu- multus). The Romans sent commissioners into Asia to expostulate with the Galli ; but P. Licinius, who had an interview with a Gallic chieftain, Sdovettius by name, at Synnada, reported that his remonstiances only increased the insolence of the Gaul. (Liv. xlv. 19. 34 ( Polyb. xxx. 1.) Livy remarks that it seemed strange, when the words of Roman com- missioners had so much weight with powerful kings like Antiochns and Ptolemaens, that they had no weight with the Galli. The Romans had their reasons, which may be easily conjectured, for leaving Eumenes to deal with the Galli ; and it seems that he was successful. (Diod. ExcerpL xxxi.) The frag- ments of Polybius show that the Romans were jealous of Eumenes, who had great talents, and they did not choose that he should reduce the Galli under his dominion. One passage (xxxi. 2) states that certain ambassadors of the Galli, who came to Rome, were told that they should be independent, if they would stay at home, and not move with any force beyond their own boundaries. In the wars of Mithridates agiunst the Romans, the Galli were again in arms, botli on the side of the king and of the Romans. There were Asiatic Galli in the great army which Mithridates sent into Greece under the command of Archelaus. This army was defeated by L. Sulla at Chaeroneia (b. c. 86). Mithridates, fearing that he should be de- serted by the GalU if Sulla should come into Asia, murdered all the Gallic tetrarchs, both those who were about him as friends, and those who had not joined him. He murdered also their women and children. Some of the GalU were killed at a feast to which the king invited them, and the rest in various ways (Appian, MUhrid. c. 46) ; three only of the chiefs escaped. Mithridates seized all the property of the men whom he had murdered, put garrisons in the towns, and set over them as governor Eumachus, probably a Greek. He could not, however keep Ga- latia, but he kept the money that be had got The Galli served Cn. Pompeius in the subsequent wars against Mithridates, and Pompeius rewarded the tetrarchs by securing them in their Galatian do- minions. (Appian, Syriac. c. 50, MUhrid, c 114.) One of them was Deiotarus, who had done good service in the war by defeating Eumachus. (Appian, Mitkrid, c. 75 ; Liv. EpU. 94.) Mithridates kept some Galli about him to the last; and, in the hour of his extreme need, one of them named Bitoetus, a genuine Gallic name, did the king the last service that be could, by killing him at hLs earnest request, B.a63. (Appian, MUhrid. c. Ill ; Liv. Hpit. 102.) Pompeius, in settling the affiurs of Galatia, extended the Gallic limits, for he gave Mithridatium, a town in the former kingdom of Pontus, to a Gallic chief GALATIA. named Bogodiatonis, whoee name, with a sight variation, appears on a silver coin. (Stnb. p. 567.) Pompeius gave to Deiotaras part of GadeJooitis in Pootus, an excellent sheep country, and the parts about Phanacia and the Trapexusia, as fiir as Colchis and the Less Armenia, of all whuh eonntries Pompeius made him king ; and Deiotarus kept also his paternal tetrarchy of the TdistoboiL (Stnh. p. 547.) Galatia and its dueftaiin were now under Roman protection, and Daotams was involved in aU the troubles that followed the wars of Caesar and Pompeius. He was with Pompeins at the battk cf Phanalia (b. c. 48), and escaped with him. Cicenv in an extant oration, pleaded before Caesar at Borne the cause of Deiotarus, who was charged with a treacherous design against Caesar's life when Caoar was in Galatia. ^er all his reverses Deiotanis ' died a king ; and was succeeded by his son Deiotarus, who went to Actium on the side of Antonins, but he had the Gallic prudence to go over to Octavius be- fore the battle, in company with Amyntas (b.c.91)l Amyntas was one of the tributary Asiatic kings that M. Antonins set up (b. c 39). He had Pisidia first, and in b. c. 86 he rece i ved from the same king-maker Galatia, with a part of Lycaooia and Pamphylia (Dion Cas. xlix. 32), and he was con- firmed in these possessions by Augustas, b. c 31 (Dion, U. 2). He died b. c. 25, having held, besidca Gaktia, Lycacnia, and Isauria, the south-east and east part of Phrygia, Pisidia, and Cilida Trachea. (Strab. pp. 568, 569, 571, 577, 671.) Amyntss was one of the great flock-masten of Asia Minor. He had above 300 flocks on the high, wateriess table -lands of Lycaonia. Plutaroh {AnL oc 61,63) caUs Amyntas king of the Lycaonians and flalatiam at the time of the battle of Actium ; and he also calls Deiotarus a king. This is not incousisteDt with other authorities, if we suppose thai Deiotarus had his father s kingdom that was beyond the limits of Galatia, and that Amyntas had Galatia, or a great part of it, and the title of king of the Galatianw On the death of Amyntas, Augustus made a Roman province of Galatia, Lycaonia, Isauria, East and Sooth Phrygia, and Pamphylia. The extent of the province of Galatia to the south is expressed by Pliny saying that Galatia reaches both to the Cabalia of Pam- phylia and the Milyes, who are about Buris and the Cylhmticns and Orcandicus tract of Pisidia (^ff. X. V. 32). But the Galatia of Ptolemy is still more extensive (v. 3), being bounded on the west by Bithynia and part of Phrygia, on the south by Pamphylia, and on the east by a part of Cappadoda ; it thus extended from the Euxine to the Tanms. The sea-coast of Ptolemy's Galatia commences after Cytorus, which b in Bith3mia, and extends to the mouth oif the Halys and to Amisus. Siix>pe is within these limits. The three Gallic tribes and their three several cities assumed, under Augustus, the namea ScCooTi^yot and ^tfiatrHi : the people of Peasinus were named ^tfoimfyol ToXitrrols^iyrytoi: those of Ancyra, 2c§cumyyol Tttcroadyts: and those of Tavium, ^tScumival Tp6Kfu>i, The first Roman governor of this Galatia was M. Lollius, who governed it as the legatus of the emperor, with the title of pro-praetor. This province of GsJatia is supposed to have continued in this form to the time of Coc^ stantine. The metropolis of the province was An- cyra ; and Termessus and Sagalassus were ftee towns. The Romans established in Galatia Proper the colony of Germe, which is known both from Ptolem j