Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/187

 928 GALATIA. leyied oontrilmtioiis along the oout of the Propontis, and having seised Ljsimachia by treachery, they got possessian of all the Thnudan Ghenooeeus. They saw the tempting coast of Asia separated from them by a narroir sea, and they applied to Antipater, the Macedonian, who had then the command of these coasts, to sopply them with ships. While waiting on the shore of the Hellespont, the chieftaica qnarrdled, and Leonorios with the larger part of tiie Galli xetnraed to Byzantimn. Lutarios seized two decked vessels and three boats, which Aiittpater had sent to the Hellespont, nominally to negotiate with the Gaal, but in fiwt to watch him. In a few days Lutarius conveyed all his men over the straits. Shortly after, Nicomedes L, king of Bi- thynia, carried Leonorios and his men over the BoHpoms, to help him in bis war against his broUier Zyboetes. The terms on which the Galli were to serve him were fixed before they left Europe. The Gallic chief promised every thing : he only wanted to get across the strait (Memnon, cp. PhoL c. 20). TfaL disgnioeful bargain, which brought so much misery on Asia, was made B. c. 278. There were seventeen chieftains in the Gallic army, of whom Leonoiitts and Lutarius were the chief (Memnon) ; from which we may collect that the two principal chief uns were reconciled after they reached Asia, which Livy expressly states (xxxviii. 16). • Nico- medes, with the help of the Galli, had the superiority over his brother, and secured the kingdom of Bithy- nia. During this war, in which it seems that many of tiie Bithynians perished, the Galli divided among themselves the booty, and probably they had the women, for it is not said that they brought any with them. (Memnon, ap. Phot, c. 20.) Justin states (xxv. 2) that Nicomedes gave the Galli part of his conquests, and that they ^us got the country called Gallograecia. But they were not permanently settled in Galfttia so eariy, if we follow Livy (xxxviii. 16) and other authorities. After seating Nicomedes on his throne, they set out on a marauding expedition, 20,000 in numbor, of whom not more than half were armed. All the authorities agree in making three divisions of these Galli, Tolistobogii or Tolistoboii, Trocmi or Trogmi, and Tectosages or Tectosagi. They struck such terror into the people west and north of the Taurus, that all submitted to their de« mands. They divided the country amontf'them. The Trocmi had the shores of the Hellespont on which to levy contributions; the Tolistoboii took Aedis and Ionia; and the Tectosages, the central parts of Asia. Their fixed abode, however, says Livy, was about the Halys; but it is hardly consis- tent to speak of their having yet a settled habitation, when they were rambling about Asia. The Ilium of the historical time was (me of the places that the Galli occupied in the Troad, but they soon left it, as Hegesianax says (quoted by Strabo, p. 594), becMse it was unwalled. It is quite uncertain to what time this event must be refSerred. No record has been left of the miseries inflicted by the harharisns on the unwarlike Greeks of Western Asia. A few lines in the Antholqgia tell us that Miletus was one of the cities thiit suffered. The Galli at last found an enemy who resisted them, Antiochns Soter, king of Syria. Lucian (ZeuxU, vol. i. p. 838, ed. Hemst) tells circum- stantially, whether truly it is hard to say, the story of this Antiochus fighting a desperate battle with the Galli and defeating them. Indeed, it was owing to this victory that Mtiochos took or had the title GALATIA. I of Soter, or Saviour (Appian, Sgnac c 65), an ap- pellation which shows that his victoiy was tiioog^t no small aflUr. It is said, however, by seveni an- thorities, that this Antiochus fell in battle aguost the Galli, ii.c. 261 ; but tfab must have been in sons battle subsequent to his victory, if it is true that he gained his name of Soter from his success against these barbarians. The kings of the East in their wars with one another often employed the Asialae Galli. (Justin, xxv. 2). The second Ptoleniaeas, king of Egypt, had some of them in his pay, bat they formed a design to seize on the country, and were all cut off by a stratagem. In the dispute be- tween the two Syrian kings, Seleucus Callinicaa and his brother Antiochus Hierax, Antiochus empk^ted Gallic mercenaries, who, after gaining him a victovy, compelled him to ransom himself, and to form an alliance with them. (Justin, xxvii. 2.) And there were Galli in the battle of Raphia between Antio- chus Magnus and Ptolemaens Philopator, b.c. 217. Attains, the ruler of the petty state of Pergamnniy was the first of the Greek longs who effiBctnally checked the licence of the Galli. He defeated them in a great battle, and thereupon assumed the titie of king. (Strab. p. 624; Polyb. xviiL 24; liv. xxxliL 21.) The reign of Attains was from b.c. 241 to B. c. 197. It was the glory of Attains that he was the first prince to refuse to pay tribate to the Galli, and that he confined tbem within the lunits of that part of Asia which is called Galatia. (Pans. L 8. § 1.) This invasion of Asia by the Galli, and the vie- tory of Attains over tbem, were foretold in the pro- l^edes of Phaennis, a full generation before the events happened. (Pans. x. 15. § 2.) It must have been a great necessity which compelled Attnlua, in his war with Achaeus, to invite a biady of Tectosages (the text of Polybius, v. 77, has Aiyo<ny^7s) to cross the Hellespont to assist him. The Galli came with women and children. Whether this was a &esh body of emigrants to the East, or a part of those who had settled in Thrace, as mentioned before, is not stated. Attains employed these mercenaries against the cities of Aeolis, which had joined Achaeos Iraa compulsion. While Attains was encamped oo the Macistus an eclipse of the moon took place, which the Galli took to be an unfavourable sign; aiid they were also wearied of moving about with their wives and children, who followed in the carts. Aooordingly they refused to march on. Attains, being afraid oif the treachery of his hirelings, and, unlike the kii^ d[ Egypt, too scmpnlons to destroy the people whom he had himself invited into Asia, left than od the Hellespont, with fiiir promises. The oonaeqnrace was what might have been foreseen. The GaUi began to plunder the cities along the Hellespont, and nothing is said of Attains checking them. They attacked Ilium, the siege of which was raised by the people of Alexandria in Troas, and the GalH were driven out of the Troas. The barbarians then seized Arisba near Abydus, which they made their head- quarter!, and from tbenoe annoyed the neighboaiing cities, until Prusias I., king of Bithynia, ^«»f— »^ them in a regukr fight, b. o. 216. Nearly nil their children and women were massacred in their fortified place ; and the soldiers of Prusias had the moveables for their booty. Thus Prusias, says the historiaa (Polyb. V. Ill), released the Hellespontine cities from great alarm and danger; and he left a nohle warning to posterity that barbarians should not rashly pass over firem Europe into Asia.