Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/186

 GATftWA. tliP fact of the Gahtians about the citj Ancyra being immed Tectoea^es. Tlicre were two other Gallic tribes in Galatia, named Tfocmi and Tolistobogii; and he infers that thej also came from Gallia, be- cause yiey were akin (jirvii^uKov) to the Tectomges; but be cannot say what parts the Trocmi and Tolis- tobogii came from, for he had not heard of any Trocmi or Tolistobogii in his time who dwelt either north of the Alps, or in the Alps, or soath of the Alps. Jostin (xxiv. 4), after mentioning the Gallic inraders of Iti^y who took Rome, says that other adventurers passed into Illyricum and settled in Pannonia. They subdued the Pannonians, and for many years carried on war with the neighbouring nations. The Galli, then, according to these autho- rities, spread along the east side of the Adriatic, and along the valley Si the Danube. When Alexander (b. c 335) made his expedition over the Uaemua to the banks of the Danube, he had an interview with some Celtae, who lived about the Adriatic. This is on the authority of Ptokmaeus, the son of Lagus. (Strab. p. 301.) Arrian {Anah, L 4), who also used the work <^ Ptolemaens, speaks of the Celtae on the Ionian gulf sending an embassy to Alexander when he was near the Danube. This appears to be the first time that the Hellenic and the Gallic nation saw one another beyond the limits of Gallia. The Galli seem to have been establbhed in the neighbourhood of Macedonia during the troublesome times that followed Aleiander*s death, or probably still earlier. At the close of the reign of Ptolemaeus in Macedonia,, who is named Cerauuus, a band of Galli, under a leader Belgius or Bolgius, invaded liis kingdom. The king dcs|used the invaders, be- cause they ofiered to retire for a sum of money; but his army was totally defeated by them, and he was taken prisoner. The barbarians cut off the king's head, and carried it about on a spear to terrify their enemies (b. c. 280). The Macedonians shut them* selves up in their cities, and made no resistance; but when all hope seemed lost, Sosthenee, a Mace- donian noble, collected a force, uid for the time saved his country from further ravage. (Justin, zxiv.; Pkusan. i. 16. § 2, z. 19. § 7.) But another Gallic chieftain, named Brennns, — probably a title of rank, and not a name, — entered Macedonia with a large force, defeated Soethenes, and ravaged the country. (Justin, zxiv. 6.) Either in the same campaign, or perha]is in another (b.c 279), Brennus led the Galli to plunder Delphi, for the fame of this temple's wealth excited his cupidity. The Galli were an immense force, under several commanders ; but they could not agree, and a large division under Leonorius and Lntarius, — as the Greeks and Romans write the names, — separated from Brennus, and, taking their way through Thrsoe (Liv. zzxviiL 16), reached Byzantium. Brennna, with several commanders, one of whom the GredcB named Adchorins, led his savage troops through Tbessaly to the pass of Thermopylae, where the Greeks under Leonidas had tried to stop the Persians about 200 years before. The Greeks, who had been weakened and disunited since the establish- ment of the Macedonian supremacy, were ronsed by a danger that threatened their very existence. A laxge force from the states north of the Istlimns, and ■ome troops from Macedonia and Aria, reached Ther- mopylae while the Galli were still in Thessaly, and a detachment was sent forward to destroy the bridges over the Sperchius, and to dispute the pas- flage of the river. The Gaol, who had the talents of GALATIA. 927 a general, seeing the enemy opposite to him and a rapid river between, made no attempt to cross in that part, but he got over a ki^e body of troops by night near the lower part of the river, and prepared to force the defile of Thermopylae. He was driven back in disorder and with great loss. The Athe- niacs distinguished themselves most of all the Greeks on this day. The Gallic chief now sent off a division to ravage Aetolia, in order to detach from the confederate army of the Greeks the AetoHans, who had left their homes in a numerous body, to repel the invaders at Ther- mopylae. The barbarians under Combutts and Ores- torios (the second seems to be a Greek name) cmn- mitted dreadful devastation in Aetolia, though thry were at last compelled to retreat with great loss. (Pausan. x. 22.) Less than half of them retunied to the Gallic camp at Thermopylae. Brennus at last made his way to Delphi, with the asmstance of the Aenianes and Ueracleotae, through the country of the Aenianes, by the very pass by which Hydanies the Persian led his troops in the invasion of Xerxes. (Herod, vii. 215 ; Pausan. z. 22. § 8.) The story of the defeat of Brennus at Delphi is told with many miraculous circumstances ; but it seems that the weather greatly helped the Greeks in defeating the barbarians, who made their retreat with diffi^ culty, #nd amidst dreadful sufierings. Only a few out of so many got back to their camp at Heracleia, where Brennus put an end to his life. Pansaniaa says that none of the Galii escaped. Justin con- tradicts himself, for he says in one place (zxiv. 8) that not one escaped, but in another pUce (zzzU. 3), following, as we may suppose, a di^rent authority, he says that some of the Galli made their way into Asia, and some into Thrace. He also adds that the Tectosages returned to their city Tolosa (TVw^ottM), carrying with them the gold and silver that they had got in their marauding expeditions. Stnbo (p. 188) mentions the tradition of the Tectosages returning with their booty to Tolosa, but he does not beUeve the story. It is possible that some of these Galli did effect a retreat; for the Galli Scordisci, who were settled at the confluence of the Save and the Danube, were said to be a remnant of them (Justin, xzzii. 3 ; Strab. p. 293, 313), and to be mingled with Thracians and Illyrians. Caesar was tdd that Volcae Tectosages once settled in Germany about the Hercynian forest {BiiL Gall. vi. 24), and continued to maintain themselves there to his time. But instead of concluding that k remnant of the Tectosages retmned from the ezpe- dition of Brennus, and settled in the bashi of the Danube, it seems more likely that their settlements east of the Rhine were made by emigration from Gallia; and it may be that the Tectosages in the aimy cif Brennus did not come direct fnm Gallia, but from aonw of the settlements already made beyond the limits of Gallia. Polybius says that some Galli under Comontorius, having escaped the danger at Delphi, reached the HeUespont, and settled in the neighbourhood of Byzantium. The Byzan- tines paid them a heavy tribute, until the Thracians, who had been subdued by the Gallic invaders, by a change of good fortune succeeded in destroying them. (Polyb. iv. 46.) Leonorius and Lntarius escaped the misfortones of Brennus by having taken a difierent road, as already observed, and through a less difficult country. Livy (zzzviii. 16) does not mention the arrival of- Ckxnoiitorias at Byzantiom. Leonoriiu and Lntarius