Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/185

 926 6AGAE. The Gactoliaitt appear to be the chief andent n- presentatires of the great aboriginal people of modem Africa, who call themselves Ama^gh or Atnazergt (i. e./ree or noUe), and to whom belong the Berben of M. Atlaa, as well as the TvariekSj who still wander over the oases of the Great Desert, and are supposed to be the lineal descendants of the Gaetoli. (Bitter, Erdktmde, voL L pp. 1034, foil. ; Horne- maun, Reite, p. 223.) The andent Qaetolia in- duded the S. regions of iforoooo, as well as the W. part of the Great Desert [P. S.] GAGAE (Vdyai: Eth, rtryoMs), a town oa the sonth-east coast of Lycia, from which the GagaUa iapis derived its name. (PUn. ▼. 18, zzzvi. 34; Steph. B «. v.; Nicand. Tker. 37; Galen, voL zii. p. 203, ed. Kfihn; Hierocl. p. 683, with Wesselings note.) Bains at Alac^d are regarded ,bj Leake {Asia Mmor, p. 185, foil.) as marking the site of the ancient (^^ae, while Sir Charles Fellowes iden- tifies the place with the modem village of Hatoooey where rnins stand npon and between two isolated rocks, now literally covered with waUs. {Dimxw, «n Zfcto, p. 210.) [L. S.] GAGAKA GAGANAE, a station in Dacia, on the road from Ortova to the finontier of MoldamOf which the Peatinger Table places between Ad Pan- noniam and Mascliana, The geographer of Bavenna calls it Gazana. Its position most be sought along the valley of the Temes. [£. B. J.] - GALAGTOPHAGL [Hifpbkoloi ; Abu.] GALACUH, in Britain, mentioned in the 10th Ituieraiy. [Galaya]. [B. G. L.] GALADBAE. [Eokdaea.] GALAESUS or GALESUS (rahm&ot, PoL), a small river of Calabria, flowing into the gnlf of Ta- rentnm, at the distance of a few miles from that city. It was famed in ancient times for the pas- tores on its banks, on which were fed the sheep that produced the celebrated Tarentine wool : hence its praises are song by several of the Boman poets. (Hot. Carm. ii. 6. 10; Vug. Georg. iv. 126; Pro- pertii.34. 67; Sut 5^0. iii. 3 ; Ckndian. iVoft. et (H. C<m». 260 ; Sidon. ApolL Canfi. 24. 59.) Polybius tells as it was often called the Earotas, from the river of that name in Laconia (Pol. viiL 35); bat the GaUusns, which was probably its indigenous name, is the only one by which it is mentioned in any other author. Both Livy and Polybios notice it on the occasion of the siege of Tarentum by Hanni- bal (b. c. 212), who encamped on its banks with his main army to watch and protect the blockade of the citadel (Pol L c; Liv. zzr. 11.) Though its name was so cdebrated, the Galaesus was a very trifling stream, and there is considerable difficulty in identifying it The name is generally given by local antiquarians, and ai^rently by a kind of local tra- dition, to a small stream of limpid water which flows into the great port of Tarentum or Mare Picooio^ on its N. side, now known as Ze Citrtztei and, accord- ing to Zannoni*s map^ there stiU exists in its neigh- bourhood a chureh called Sta. Maria di Gakto, Both Polybius and Livy, however, give the distance of the Galaesos from Tarentum at 5 miles or 40 stadia, a statement wholly irreconcilable with the popular view ; and the stream in question is more- over so small that it is impossible for an army to have encamped on its banks, its whole course being only a few hundred yards in length. Swinburne's supposition that the Cervaro — a much more consi- derable stream, flowing mto the Mare Piccolo at its head or £. extremity— ii the trae GftlaestiB, would GALATIA. certainly aooord better with the statement of Fdj- bins and Livy, and at least as well with the poetiol epithets of the stream, on which, however, too ondi stress must not be laid. (Bomanelli, vol. L pi 292; D'Aquino, DeHzie Tarentine, with the notes of Cat- ducd, pi 49 ; Swinburne, 7Vat>e2f, vol L p]!^ 2S7, 232 ; Graven, TraveU, pi 181 .) [E. H. B.] G ALA'EIA (PoA^io, Diod., but the oUer editiooi have Ta^tpia; rakapUn, Steph. B.: Eth. Ta)^ posj Died.: Gaglkino)^ a dty of Sicily, which, le- cording to Stephanos, was founded by the Skolia chief Marges or Morgns. (Steph. B. «.«.) ThofOj^h we may infer from thia statement (which is evidentlj meant to connect it with the estaUishmeot of tk Moi^tes m Sicily) that it was a dty of l^neat aati- qai^, we find no mention of it in histoiy till b.c 345, when it was the only dty that ventured to send succours to the Entellini when besieged by the Car- thaginians under Hanno. Bat thdr small fow, amounting to only 1000 men, was intercepted and entirely cut off. (Diod. xvi. 67.) Again, in b.c 311, Galaria was occupied by the Syracnsan cxila under Deinocrates, who were, however, soon afttf de- feated and driven out by the generals of Agatbockii (Id. xix. 104.) No subsequent notice of it is finsd in history; and as its name does not occur amoog the Sidlian towns enumerated by Cicero, Pliny, or Ptolemy, it would seem to have ceased to exist vodff the Boman dominion. It would indeed be utoiii to suspect that the Galatxki of Phny (iii.8.8.14), whom he enumerates am<mg the " popati stipen- diarii" of the interior of Kdly, were idoiticsl vitb the Galarini of Diodorus, bat that there seems to be some reawMi to admit the existence of a separate town ef the name of Galala. We find the name of this town apparently still preserved in the village of Go* kaif £. of MUitello, and about 10 miles from tbs N. coast of the island; while that of Galaria is sap- posed by Cluverius and Sicilian topographers to be retained by GagUano, on the opposite side of tbs Caronia mountains, and about 6 miles N. of the ancient Agyrium. (Cluver* SidL pp. 330, 385; Amioo, Lin, Topog, Sic, §. v. Gaka-iti) Bat it does not appear that ancient remains exist at either locality, and the evidence of name alone is iDcoo- dusive. There is nothing in Diodoms to lead us to snp- pose that Galaria was a Greek dty, and the oootruy seems to be implied by Stephanos; but there exists a coin of very early date, and of pure Greek styles which bean the inscription TAAA., and most cer- tainly be referred to this dty. On the refene it has a sitting figure of Zeus, with the epithet 20TEP iu andent charactera. (It is figured by T. Combs^ Num. Mut. Brii. pi. 4. fig. 6.) [E. H. B.] GALATA. [Galaria.] GALATIA (roXar/o, raXariir^, GallogrMcia). The history of the establishment of this province is connected with the emigration of Gallic natifos to the East. This emigration is an obscure subject, but we may collect enough from the extant antborities to establish the main fiscts. Strabo (p. 187) says that the Tectosages, who occupied part of Gallia acjacent to the Pyrenees sod extended along a portion €i the north side of the Cl- vennet, were once a powerful people, and had alarge population. Domestic dissauion drove some of them from home, who were joined by others from various tribes; and these were a part of the GalU who occupied Phrygia, bordering on Cappadocia and the Paphlagonians. Aa a. proof of this, he alleges