Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/181

 929 GABBANTOVICL hare been Bobeequentlj merged in thftt of tlie Via Praenestiniif of which it fonned a part [E. H. B.] GABRANTOVICI. TaMpavrm^mf €^Ai/uPos k6Kvos is one of the notices in Ptolemj (ii. 3. § 6) if a locality lying between Dunum Swut {Aowoif ir($Airot) and CheUum Promontorktm (^Ok4XKov ixpov). Name for name, and place for place, Donom is 2>Hn>8-ley Bay near Whitby in Yorluhire. Ocellom is probably Flamborough Bead, This makes the bay of the GabranUmd the equiralent to the present Fikjf Bay, Philippe (in his MomUaini and Riven ofYorhhirt) takes this view; which is, probably, the right one. Others, however, and amongst them the editor of the MotmrneiUa BriUm- nicoj place it at Bwlingioiij <jrHom$ea — ^in which case Uie Ooellam Promontorinm mnst be Spttm Mead. If so, a promontory so important as Fkun' borouffh Head has no name in Ptolemy. If so, too, the entrance to the Humber is mentioned twice over -^ first, as Spwm Head (Gabrantovicomm Sinos), and nesct, as the outlets of the riw Abns, i, e. the headland is mentioned, and so are the waters imme- diately in contact with it. This is not the (nrdinary form of Ptolemy's entries. Hence, the reasoning lies in favour of FUey Bay^ strengthened by the fiict of the entry in this case being a doable one in a single form — Ta/fpam'ovtKwp ^hXSfuvos k^wos, Bnt the ^ bay with the good harbour ** was one thing, the " Gabrantovid ** was another: indeed, the form in -vict (rather than -vicae or "yica^ is an assumption. All that we collect from the form of the word is, that the object expressed by the crude form Gabrantovid- was an object of whidi the name had a plural number. It might be the name of a population; it might be the name of something else. Whatever may have been the real case, it is a word which in the eyes of what may be called the minute ethnologist is one of great interest; since it bears upon a question which, erery day, acquires fresh magnitude, viz. the extent to which German or Scandinavian settlements had been made in Britain anterior, not only to the time of Hengist and Horsa, bnt to the time of Boman conquest. Professor Philippe, and probably others besides the ]Mresent writer, have believed that German glosses azid Ger- man forms are to be found in the British part of Ptolemy. Now, if we admit the possibility of Gabrantovie being a German word, we have as a probable analysis of it the participle gebraenie (s=(urn and the substantive vfie (village^ ttotion, bay). What de- termined the name is uncertain. It might be the pi-esence of a beacon. This, however, is not the mam point; the main point is the extent to which it is an euivalent to the modem compound Fkun^borough, This, in the mind of the present writer, is not an accident Further remarks on the question to which this notice relates are found under the words Pe- TUARii and Vamdcarii. [R. G. L.] GABRETA or GABRITA SILVA (TaCSprtra, TdSptTOj or rJXprira ii^Ai}), a range of mountains in Germany, mentioned by Strabo (vii. p. 292) and Ptolemy (ii. 1 1. §§ 5, 7, 24) in such a manner as to lead several of t^e earlier geographers to identify it with the Thvringerwdld ; but later investigations have shown that the BdkmervHdd. in the north of Bavaria, is meant The name is evidently of Celtic origin (compare the name Veryobretus in Gaes. B. G, i. 16), and probably dgnifiea '* a woody moun- tain." [L.S.] GADABA. GABROHAGUS, a town in the inteaoflr of Nori- ami, <m the eonth cf the river Anisua. It is iden- tified by some vrith lAetMHf on the /sm, and by otba« vrith WwduhrGartUm. (Bul AM, p. 276; ToA. Peitf .) [L. &] GABROSENTUM, in Britain, probably the nominative fcnn of the Gabroaeatt of the Notxtia, and the Gabrocentio of the geographer of Bavemia. It was a station along the lins ^ the VaUom {per tmeam Fo^ and was occupied by the second ooboit of the Thradans. The editor of the M onwmt n ia Britanttioa identifies Gabroaentnm vrith D r mn brnyk in Cumberland: Mr. Bruci^ vrith BowHeae, At Bowness slight traces of the walls of a statioa may with difficulty be detected, " its southern lines near the church being those which are most apporenL" A small altar, dedicated to Jupiter, by Sulpidiis Secundianns,hasbeendugupat£o»MM. [R.GX.3 GAD. [PALAEsmrA.] GADAR(rd5ap, Isid.5taXA.Para. p. 2), i^peais to have been a small place between Nisae tool Anti- ocheia of Margiana. Bennell((7ei3yr.o/*irerDdLvol.iL p. 390) has conjectured, from the names of tvro other small pbces mentioned also by Isidonis, that Gadar is represented now by Gandar or Caendar, called by Abulf(9da KondoTt and not improbably ooe of the later seats of the Gandarii or Gandkanu. {Y."} GADARA (ra rdSapai £th, TaSopc^s, faa. roSopts), a dty of Palestine, accounted the capital of Peraea by Josephns (B. J, iv. 7. § 3), to the SE. of the sea of Tibenas, and 60 stadia distant fpaok tho town of Tiberias, on the confines of Tiberias, and of the region of Scythopolis ( Vita, §§ 65. 9). It is placed by Pliny (v. 16)ontheriverHierQmax,nowthe Tarmak; and the district which took its name from it, the rabap^itwv yfi of the Evangelists {SLMarkf v. 1 ; 5lt. Luke, viii. 26), vras the eastern boondaiy of Galilee {B. /.iii.3. § 1 )u Pdybius, who reooids its capture by Aiitiochiia, calls it die strongest dty in those parte (y. 71, and iy9. Joseph. AnL xii. 3. § 3). It vraa i»- stored by Pompey {Ant xiv. 4. § 4), having been shortly before destroyed, and vras the seat of oaie of the five Sanhedrims instituted by Gabinins (AnL xiv. 5. § 4), which is the more remarkable, aa it is reckoned one of the Grecian cities (ir6?i*is 'EWntfUitt'), on which account it was exempted from the jnriadictioB of Ardielaos (^nt xvii. 13. § 4, £. /. iL 6. § 3), and subjected to the prefecture of Syria, although it had oeoi granted as a special grace to Herod the Gmk {B,J. i. 20. §3). It was one of the first cities taken by the Jevni on the outbreak of the revolt (ii. 18. § 1), which act was soon afterwards revenged by its Syrian inhabitants (§ 5); but Vespasian found it in occupation of ihe Jews, on his first campaign in Galilee, when he took it, and shiughtered all ita adult inhabitants, and burnt not only the ci^ itadf, but all the villages and towns in the neighbouibood (iiL 7. § 1). It seems to have been again occufsed by the Jews, for, on his next campaign in Galilee, it vras voluntarily surrendered to the Romans; a mea- sure prompted by a desire of peace, and by foar for their property, for Gadara was inhabited by many wealthy men (iv. 7. § 3). This last observation ia in some measure confirmed by the existing remains of the dty, among which are the ruins of stately private edifices, as well as of important public buildings.'^ Om KeiUf the andent Gadara, is situated in the mountains on the east side of the valley of the Jor- dan, about 6 miles SE. by £. of the sea of Galilee, and to the south of the river Tctmtaky the Uierocnax of Pliny. The ruins an very consideraMe. ** The A(c A If, /» d: VkiiLjt^ j(^l. ^^^icytl^iy^:^. U^v^ ^ -