Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/179

 9S0 OABALA. title, Sogdianl; but the ideotitf of ike three pfausa is by no means certain. 2. One of the royal palaces of the Unjj^s of Penia, sitoated, according to Strabo (zr. pi 728), In the upper country of Perns. Aooonling to Ptolemj (vL 4. § 7) it must have been sitaated at no gnat dis- tance from the Pasargadae. The name is probably connected with the district Galnene, which was in Snsiana, and may not nnlikdy have comprehended a part oi Penis. [V.] GABALA (ra«a, fdSaka), a place m Galilee fertiiied by Herod the Great ( Joeeph. B, J, xv. 9. § 5), supposed to be identical with Gamala. [Ga- MALA.] [G. W.] OOIK OV OABAUL GABALENE. [Gebalknb.] GA'BALI or GABALES (Taglxtis, Strab.p. 191). on the Karbonitis." In Caesar's time the Gabali wen under the supremacy of the Arremi. {B. O. m 75.) In another paisagei he speaks of the '* Gabalos prozimoeque pagos Arremorum " {B. G. yu. 64). Thdr poeitioo is in a monntainons country between the Anremi and the Helvii. It corre s ponds to the G^vttMdan of the ante-reyolutionaxy histoiy of France, a name derived from the middle-age term Gavaldanum, and nearly to the present department of Latere. There were silver mines in the country of the Rateni and Gabali (Strabo). The cheeee of this country was &med at Rome (Plin. xL 42) ; it came from the *' Leeorae Gabalidque pagL** The Lesora is the mountain Lourt, Sidonius Apd- lonaris (JCarm, xxiv. 27) eays, '* Tam terram Gabalom satis nivosam." A lai^ part of it is a cold, mountainous country. The diief town of the Gabali, according to Ptolemy, is Anderitum. [Andkritum.] [G. L.] GAB AZA, a district of Sogdiana apparently from the deecription of Curtius, who states that Alex- ander's army suffered much there from the severity of the cold in the northern part of that province (viii. 4. § 1). [Gabar, No. 1.] It muet have been between the 40th and 42nd piwallels of N. lat., and near the furthest limit noithward of Alexander's march. [V.] GABIE'NE (ratfnvr^, Stimb. xvL p. 745), one of the three eparchies into which Elymais was divided in ancient times: the other two were Mesabatica and Corbiana. It appeals from the notice in Stnbo that Gabiene was in the direotion of Suea. It is men- tioned in the wan of Alexander's suoceesore, Anti- gonuB having attempted to cut off Eumenes in that locality, and Eumenes having succeeded in wintering there in spite of the enemy. (Diod. xix. 26, 34 ; Plat. Ewmm. 15; Polyaen. StraL iv. 6. § 13.) [V.] GA'BU (PftCuM : EiK rd«(os, Gabinus : CVu(»- S^iom)^ an ancient city of Latinm, situated between 12 and 13 miles from Rome on the road to IVse- neste, and doee to a small vdcanic lake now called the Logo di CvMigUione. All aoooants represent it as a Latin city, and both Vii^gil and Dionysias expressly term it one of the odonies of Alba. (Viiig. Aen, vi 773 i Serv. od loc j Dionys. iv. 53.) Solinos GABIL akoe neribcs to it a still earlier origin, and tayu it was founded by two Seulian brothers, Galatos and Bios, from whose combined names tfaat of the city was derived. (SoGn. 2. § 10.) In the Mriy hialory of Rome it figures as one of the most eoosidcfaUs of the Latin cities, and Dianysins expressly tdls us (/. &) that it was one of the laigest «id moat popukifus of them alL Acoordmg to a tradition pro- served boih by him and Plutarch, it was at Gabii that Bomulos and Remus received their edneation, a proof that it was believed to have been a flourish- ing city at that early period. (Dionys. L 84; Phit. Bam, 6.) Yet no subeequent mention occun of it in history during the regal period of Rome till thm reign of Tarqainios Superbns. At that time Gafait appears as wholly independent of Rome^ and in- curred the hostility of Tarquinius by aflbcdii^ shelter to fugitives and exiles from Rome sad other cities of Latium. But it was able suoeessfnlly to withstand the anns of Tarquin, who only succeeded in nuking himself master of the city by strsti^gcm and by Um treachery of his son Sotua, who con- trived to be received at Gabii as a fugitive, and then made use of the influence he <rfitiuned there to betray the city into the hands of his fiither. (Liv. L 53, 54 ; Dionys. iv. 53--58; VaL Ifax. viL 4w §2; Ovid, Fiut. iL 690—710.) The trealy concluded on this occasion between Rome sad Gabii was among the most ancient monuments p re a n ved in the former city : it is evidently one of thon alluded to by Horsce as the JmJL mJL ''foeden ngum ^Smi GMU aSTenm i^dis aequata SabiaiB^*' and was preserved on a wooden shield in the tempi* qS Jupiter Fidios at Rome. (Hor. Ep. ii. 1. 25 ; Dionys. iv. 58.) Its memoiy is also recorded by a remarkable coin of the Antistia Gens, a fiunilgr which appean to have derived its origin from GabiL (Eckhel, voL v. p. 137.) Whatever were the reU- tions thus established between the two states, they did not long subsist: Sextus Tarquinias took refbgo at Gabii after lus expulsion from Rome, and, thonf^k according to Livy (i. 60) he was soon after mur- dered by his enemies there, we find the name of lfa« Gabians anxu^ the LaUn cities wfaidi combined against the Romans before the battle of R^iUns. (Dionys. v. 61.) We may hence conclude that they at this time really formed part of the Latin Lei^e, and were doubtless included in the treaty concluded by that budy with Sp. Cassius in b. c 493. (Niebuhr, vol iL pi 17.) From this time their name is but rarely men- tioned ; and, whenever they appear in history, it is as allies or dependents of Bnne. Thus in b. c 462 we are told that thor territory was ravaged by the Volacians (Liv. iii. 8) in a predatory incurnoa against Rome; and in b. c. 381 they suffered in like manner from the incursions of ihdr neighboare the Praenestines, who were at that time cm hostile tcrma with the RepabUo (Id. vL 21> Even in the htft great straggle of the Latins for independaace, no mention occurs of Gabii, nw have we any aooount of the terms or conditions on which it was •<^™«**HI to the position in which we subeequently find it, of a Roman munidpium. In b. c. 211 it is again men- tioned oo occasion of HannibaTs march against Rome (Liv. xxvL 9); and an incidental notioe of it ocean in b. a 176 (Id. xlL 16): but, with theae exceptioDB, we hear little more of it in history. In b. c. 41, how- ever, we find it sekcted for a oonfennoe betweea
 * ' The Rateni and the Gabalee," says Strabo^ " border