Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/17

 75i DEIBEL DEIBE (A«if4, Sinb. xrL pp. 769, 773 ; Ptol. It. 7. § 9 ; Stq>h. B. «. v. ; Benoice Epidires, Plin. tL 29. t. 33), or the ** Mecky^io calkd from its poutka on » headJaod of the Mine name, was a toim sitoated on the Afnoan ihora of the Straits of Bah-^Memdeb, at their narrowest part The space between Deire and the opposite Ibrdand of Poeeidonimn on the Arsr Kan shores was about 60 stadia (8| miks) in width. Deire stood in lat ll^ 3' N. It was also called Isidis Portns from a temple of that goddess which overlooked the harboar, and Deire-Berenioes from the fkroorite sister of Ptolemj Philadelphns, who en- larged and granted firesh privileges to the town. (Agathem. pi 8.) [W. B. D.] DEITA'NIA^ a district hi the SE. of Spain, men. tioned only bj Livy, who pUuses it 8W. of Covtbs- TAHiA. (Pr. xci.) [P. &] DELGOVrTIA, a station in Britain, mentioned in the first Itinerary aa being the second station eastwand afUr leaving York, Probably Market Wmght^m. [B. G. L.] DELEMNA, a pboe hi Cappadoda. The Jem. aalem Itm. phoes Mutatio Delemna 10 M. P. from Ancyra, on the road to the Cappadodan frontier. The next station in this Itin. to Delenma is Corbeos, 11 M. P. [GoBBBua.] [G.L.] DEXIUM (A^^ior: Eth. Ai^Aici^r), a small place with a celebrated temple of Apollo, sitnated upon the sea-coast in the territory of Tanagra in Boeotia, and at the distance of aboat a mile from the terri- tory (^Oropus. This temple, which took its name from the idand of Delos, is dMcribed by Livy (xxxv. 51) as overhanging the sea, and distant five miles from Tanagra, at the spot where the passage to the nearest parts of Enboea is less than four miles. Strabo (ix. p. 403)8peaks of Delinm as a temple of Apdlo and a small town (iroXix^^'oO of the Tanagnei, distant 40 stadia from Aulis. It was here that the Athenians suffered a signal defeat from the Boeotians in the eighth year of the Pek)ponnesian War, b. c. 424. Hippocrates, the Athenian commander, had seised the temple at Deliom, which he converted into a Ibrtress by some temporary works, and after leaving there a garrison, was on his march homewards, and had already reached the territory of Oropos at the distance of 10 stadia from Delium, when he met the Boeotian army advancing to cat off his retreat In the battle which ensued tiie Athenians were defeated with great loss ; and on the seventeenth day after the battle the Boeotians retook the temple. (Thnc. xv. 90.) Socrates fought at this battle among the hop* lites, and, according to one account, saved the life of Xenophon (Strab. ix. p. 403; Diog. La&t il 22), while, according to another, his own retreat was protected by Alcibiades, who was serving in the ca- valty (Plut Ale 7). A detachment of the Roman army was likewise defeated at Deliom by the troops of Antiochus, B.O. 192. (Liv. xxxv. 51.) (Comp. Strab. viil p. 368; Paus. ix. 20. § 1 ; PtoL ill. 15. §20; Liv. xxxi. 45.) The modem village of DMUai, which has taken its name from Delium, is at some little distance from the sea. It is clear, however, from the testimony of Livy akeady referred to, that the temple of Apollo was upon the coast; and hence the RMdera village of Dhitim may, as Leake suggests, be the site of the iro/x*'*^i * small town of Delium. A few Hellenio fragments have been found at the village. (Leake, Navihtm GreeoSf voL ii. p. 449, seq.) . DELMI'NIUM. [DAL1CINIUM.J DELOS or DELUS (A^^osi £tk and Adj. DELO& A^^Xiof, AifAJK, A^Xj^, AifXMBelff), the snaDest of - the ialoids called the Cyebdes in the Aegaean sea, lying in the strait between Bheneia and MycoBos. It af^KBisin the eailieBt times as one of the h o liest ^»ts inHeDaa. AoceidiBg to the aust genenOy received tnuiitioa, it ww called oat ef the deep by the trident of Poseidon, bntwas a floating iabnd, nntfl Zeos&stened it by adauia alin e cfaaiBS to the bottom of the sea, that it might be a seeoie restiiig- plaoe to Leto, for the birth of ApoOo and Artemis: (Pind. €^. Sirab. x. p. 485; Gallim. Hfmm. m IkL passmi;riig.J«i.iiL76;P]in.iv. 12.s.22;iMeC ^ o/Am^nxt, Leto.) Aa the biithi^ace of ApoOo, it ^^ became one of the chief seats of his wenhip^ and th^^ god is said to have obtained exduaive posMsnon of Uie island by giving Calaorehi to Poseidon in exchange for it (StTibi viiL p. 373.) In the same w«y the Ddj^ians related that Apollo gave Calaureia to Poseidon in order to obtain possesskm of Ddpfai. (Paus. X. 5. § 6.) Dehis was called by varioos other names by the poets and mythographers. Pliny (L &) mentions tiie names of Aafenia, Ortygia, Lagia, ChUmydia, Cynthns, PyrpUe; and Stephanna B. those of Asteria, Pdasgia, and Chlamydia. Its name of Asteria is alluded to by Poseidon, who speaks ef Delos as the ** unshaken prodigy of the earth, which mortals call Deloa, but the gods in Olympos tiie fer- femed etar (Jiorpor) of the dark earth." (Pind. Froff, 57, 58, ed. Becgk.) Caillmachns also saya that it was called Astoia, vhen Leto Iband refuge upon it (Ibid. 40.) It received the name of Ortygia because according toone venion of the legend Leto was changed by Zeoa into a quail (^pr«, in eider to escape from Hera, and in this fenn amved at tiie floating island. (Serv. ad Virg, J en. iii. 72 ; Strsbo also mentions the name Ortygia, x. p. 486.) The name of Deks was supposed by the ancient writera to have been given to tiie isbud from its becoming dear or plain (U^Xos) after floating about in the sea. (Aristot ap. Plin. Iv. 12. & 22; Serr. ad Virg, Aen.l.c.y In oonseqnence of its having been festened by Zeus to the bottom of the sea, it wae supposed to be immovable even by earthquakes, to which the surrounding islands were frequently subject Hence Pindar, in the paasage already quoted, calls Deloa nfTcv ripas). Down to the time of Pliny (2. e.) it was only twice shaken by earthquakes, and on each occasion the phenomenon waa regBrded with ahum by the whole of Greece. The first oocozred jusf before the Persian invasion (Herod. vL 98), and the second shortly before the Peloponnesian War (ThnOi il 8). It is a curious circumstance that Herodotna speaks of the former earthquake, and Thucydidea of the latter as the only one which had ever taken place; and accordingly some oommentstors soppoae that Thucydides aerially refers to the same earth- quake as the one mentioned by Herodotus. (See AiDotd, ad Thue. I c.) Bespecting the origin of the wonhip of Apollo at Deloe, we have no trustworthy information. K. O. Miiller supposes that it was introduced by the Dorians t on their voyage to Crete (Miiller, Dor. voL L p. 2^); t>| but this is only an hypothesis, unsupported by evi- dence. In the earlieet historical times the island was inhabited by lonians, and is represented as the centre of a great periodical festival in honour of Apollo, celebrated by aU the Ionic cities on the mam- Umd as wdlaff in the islands. In this character it is- represented in the Homeric hymn to Apollo^ which canitot probtblj ho btef tbw 600 b. a (Hmiw
 * the unshaken prodigy of the earth" (x6<{m>s iutU