Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/145

 886 .i:UBYMENAE. its entrance is now closed by bars. It empties itself into the Mediterranean, a little below Aspendus. (Respecting the famous battle on the river Eurjme- don, in B.a 466, see Thiic. i. 100; Diod. Sic zi. 61 ; comp. Xenoph. Hell. iv. 8 ; Dionys. Perieg. 852 ; Strab. xiv. p. 667 ; Arrian, Anah. i. 27 ; Liv. xxxviL 23; Plin. v. 26, and namerous other passages.) Its modem name is Capri-SUf and near its sources Sav-Su. [L.S] ECJRYME'NAE (Eifrvfitvai, ApolL Bhod., Steph. B.«.9.; 'Epvfivai, Strab.: Eth. Zvpvfi4vtos). 1. A town of Magnesia in Thessaly, situated upon the coast at the foot of ML Ossa, between Bhizus and Myrae. (Scylax, p. 25; Strab. ix. p. 443; Liv. xxxxjL 25.) Pliny relates that crowns thrown into a fountain at Enrymenae became stones. (Plin. xxzi. 2. 8. 20.) Leake supposes the site of EuiTmenae to he represented by some ancient remains between Tliandtu and Karitea, (Leake, Northern Greece^ vol. iv. p. 415.) 2. A town of Molossis in Epirus, is placed by Leake in the vale of the Upper Acheron, towards Latridf VariddkeSf or Tervitziand. (Diod. zix. 88 ; Leake, Northern Greece^ vol. i. p. 253.) EURYTA'NES. [Aetoua, p. 64, a.] EUSE'NE (EiMT^vT}), a town not far from the coast of Pontus, a little to the north-west of Amisus. (Arrian, Peripl. P. Eux. ; Ptol. v. 4. § 6.) In the Tab. Peuting. it is called Ezene, and in the Geogr. Ravennas, Aezene and Ecene. (Comp. Hamilton, JResearchea, &c. vol. i. p. 293.) [L. S.] EUTAEA (Ethcua: Eth, Einauis)^ a town in the S. of Arcadia, in the district Maenalia, probably be- tween Asea and Pallantium, thous;h not on the road between these towns. Leake places it at BarbUza. (Pans. vui. 27. § 3; Xen. HeU. vi. 5. § 12; Steph. B. t. v. Leake, Morea^ vol. iii. p. 31.) EUTHE'NAE (Ei;di}Fa£ : Eth, E^vaios and Evdrivfiis)^ a town of Caria, on the Ceramicus Sinus. (Plin. V. 29 ; Steph. B. #. ».) [L. S.] EUTRE'SIA, EUTRE'SII. [Arcadia, p. 193, a.] EUTRE'SIS (E(h-fni<ris : Eth, Evrptiffirris), an ancient town of Boeotia, mentioned by Homer, and said to have been the residence of Zethus and Ainphion before they ruled over Thebes. (Horn. II. ii. 502 ; Eustath. ad loc. ; Strab. iz. p. 411.) In the time of Strabo it was a village in the territwy of Thespiae. Stephanus B. (s. v.) places it on the road from Thespiae to Plataea ; but Leake con- jectures that there is an error in the tezt, and that for Qttnrt&jf we ought to read Qur^ciy^ since there is only one spot in the ten miles between Plataea and Thespiae where any town is likely to have stood, and that was occupied by Leuctra. We learn from Stephanus that Eutresis possessed a cel^rated temple and oracle of Apollo^ who was hence sur- named Eutresites. Scylaz, in his description of the coast of Boeotia, speaks of 6 KifA^v EthpTrros fcol rtixos ruv Bourr&y^ and Leake is disposed to identify these places with Eutresia, which would thus be represented by the ruins at Aliki ; but we should rather conclude, from the words of both Strabo and Stephanus, that Eu- tresis was not so far from Thespiae. (Leake, North- em Greece, vol. iL p. 521.) EUTRE'TUS. [Eutresis.] EUXI'NUS PONTUS (ndpros Eff^tivos: the Black Sea)j the sea which washes tlie shores of Asia Minor, Sarmatia, and Colchis, and which was considered (as indeeil physical and geological views ^require) by the ancients (Strab. ii. p. 1 26), to form EUXINUS. together with the Makotis. part of the comiiMsi basin of the great " Interior Sea." 1. The Name. -^The Euzine bore in earlier ages the epithet of ^oremtf, or "inhospitable." (Jliirros "A^fyos, Scymn. 734 ; Strab. viL p. 298 ; SchoL ad ApoUon. Rhod. ii. 550 ; Pomp. Mela, L 19. § 6 ; Plin. iv. 12; vi 1.) " Frigida me oohlbent Enzini Ifttora Ponti, Dictus ab autiquis Azenus ille fait." (Ovid, Tritt iv. 4. 55.) It owed this name probably to the vreather so frequently described by the ancient writers to the discredit of this sea, as well as the reported can- nibalism of its northern Scythian hordes. The more friendly title, no doubt, came into vogue when its waters were thrown open to Grecian navigatioo and commerce. It is questionable whether its ezist- enoe was known to Homer, but it appears under both name9 in Pindar {Ji6vro$ "h^^ufos^ Pgtk. iv. 362 ; EG^^wov IIcAayof, Nem. iv. 79.) Other appellations are neAoyor rh Ilorrur^ (Strab. i. p. 21, zil p. 547) ; Mabb Euxixum (Pomp. Afcla, ii. 1. § 3 ; Ovid, TrUL iv. 1(L 97); Mare Sakmaticum (Ovid, ex PonL iv-. ^ 3d; ^ Val. Flac. viiL 207) ; Pontus Taubicus (Avien. ** Or. AfaK 2). The BUick Sea is called bj the Turks Karadengh^ by the Greeks Maurethalaaaa, and by the Bu^ians Czame-More. 2. Historical Geography. — The principal epoch which brought the shores of the Euzine into contact with other land, unless we accept the accotmt of the expedition of Bamses-Sesostris to Colchis and the banks of the Phasis (Herod, ii. 103), was that national desire to open the inhospitable Euzine, which, clothed in mythical garb, is called the ** Ex- pedition of the Argonauts to Colchis.** " The legend of Prometheus and the unbinding the chains of the fire-bringing Titan on the Cau- casus by Hercules in journeying eastward — the ascent of lo from the valley of the Hybrites to- wards the Caucasus — and die my thus of Phirxus and Helle — all point to the same path on which Phoenician navigators had earlier adventured." (Humboldt, Cosmos^ vol. ii. p. 140, trans.) In the historic ages the shores of the Propootis, the BUck Sea, and the Palus Maeotis, were covered with Grecian settlements. Nearly all these were colonies of the city of Miletus alone, and were, without exception, the marts of a prosperous trade. Although the dates of each cannot be precisely fixed, they must have arisen between the eighth aad sixth cen- turies before our era. The colonies in the Black Sea were Heracleia. on the S. cmst of Bithynia, in the territory of the Mariandyni. lu Paphlsgonia was Simopk, which established a species of sovereignty over the oiher communities. In Pontus was Amnisus, the motbM* city of Trapezus. On the east coast stood the cities of Phasis, Dioscurias, and Puanagoria ; this last was the principal seat of the slave trade, and during the Macedonian period, the staple for Indian commodities, imported across the Oxus and the Caspian Sea. Panticapabum, in the Tauric Chersonese, was the capital of tlie little kingdom of the Bosporus, so intimately connected with U^e corn trade of Greece, especially of Athens. On the north coast was the city of Takais, on the river of the same name ; and Olbia, at the mouth of the Bo- rysthenes. These two places, and Olbia in par- ticular, were of the highest importance for the inLu4