Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/133

 874 EUHYDRIUM. EUHT'DRIUK, a town in Thessaly laid waste by Philip, is 8upp(»ed bj Leake to have been sitaated upon a conflpicaoos insulated height on the left bank of the EnipeuSy on the road from Petrmd to Fersala. (LiT. zzxii. 13 ; Leake, Northern Greece^ vol. iv. pp. 492, 493.) EUIA (E&ta), a town of the Dassaretae (PtoL iii. 13. § 32), the position of which is unknown. It was here that the undaunted Eurjdice, daughter of Amyntas, and wife of Arrhidaeus, waa abandoned by her troops and fell into the hands of Polysperchon and Olympias. (Died, zviii. 1 1.) [E. B. J.] EULAEUS (6 E6Kmos, Strab. zv. p. 728; Died, ziz. 19 ; Arrian, vii. 7 ; Plin. vi. 23. s. 26), a river of Susiana, which rises in the mountains to the east of that province, in the district called JHnardnf and, after passing the modem town of SktuttTy flows into the Tigris by means of an artificial canal called the Haffar, Its present name is Kariin, There have been some difficulties about the identification of the ancient Eulaeus, caused chiefly by the confusion which prevails in many of the ancient geographical notices of the rivers of Sosiana, and the Choaspes and Coprates having been by some confounded with it [Choaspes.] Its principal tributary was the Coprates, now called tiie river of Dizfulj which falls into it a little above the town ^ Ahwaz. (Selby, Ascent of Kariin^ in /. R. Geogr, Sac, vol. ziv. pL iL) In the lower part of its course it probably represents the ancient Pasitigris. (Rawlinson's Map, /. R, Geogr. Sac. vol. iz. pt. i.) Strabo, on the au- thority of Polycleitus, maikes the Tigris, Choaspes, and Eulaeus end their courses in a marsh, and thence flow on to the sea; and remarks on the peculiar lighisiess and purity of its water (xv. pp. 72& — 735: compare remarks on the same subject by Lieut. Selby, /. R, Geogr, Soc. xiv. p. 223). Pliny speaks of the lakes made by the Eulaeus and Tigris near Charaz (vL 23, 26), and adds that the Eulaeus, whose source was in Media, separated Susiana from Elymals (vi. 27. s. 31). Where, however, he states subsequently in the same chapter that it flowed round the citadel of Susa, he is mistaking it for the Coprates, or, more strictly, for a small stream now called the Skapur river, the ancient name of which, however, has not been preserved. In like manner, Pliny is probably in error when he makes the Eulaeus flow through Messabatene. This district is almost certainly the present Mak-Sabaden in Laristin, which is drained by the Kerkhah (Choaspes), and not by the Eulaeus. There can be no doubt that, in ancient times, the Eulaeus had a direct channel to the sea, which Lieut. Selby (I c, p. 221) states to be at Khor Bdmuthir, about three miles to the E. of the Shat-al'Arab^ or Baerah river. The same may be gathered from Arrian's account of the movements of Alexander, who states that Alexander the Great, having placed the main body of his infantry under the command of Hephaestion to be led to the Persian gulf, himself descended by the Eulaeus to the sea; that, having arrived at its mouth, he thence pro- ceeded by the sea to the Tigris, leaving some of his ships to follow the canal which joined the Eulaeus and Tigris; and that then he ascended the Tigris (vii. 7). Ptolemy speaks of the mouths of the Eu- laeus, and gives it a double source in Media and Susiana (vi. 3. 2). This view may perhaps be reconciled, by supposing the Median source to refer to the Coprates {Dizftil)^ and the Susianian to the proper Eulaeus or Karun. Ptolemy, however, places the mouth of the river much too far to the £., and EUPALUJM. appears to have confounded it, in this instaDce} with either the Hidypnus (lerrdhi) or the Oroatis (Toi). There seems no reason to doubt that the name itself is a Graecised form of the Chaldee Uuai (Daniel^ viii. 2, 16); though, as we have ahown above, the Eulaeus could not in strictness be said to be the river of Susa. [V.] EUMENELA(Ei}/i^rcia: Eih.Eituyfis: I^Ue » town of Phiygia, situated on the river Glanciis, on the road from LKirylaeum to Apamda. (Plin. ▼. 29 ; Strab. xiL 576 ; Hierod. p. 667.) It is said to have received its name from Attains II., who named the town after his broUier and predeeeasor, Enmenes II. (Steph. B. a. v.) Ruins and curious sculptures still mark the place as the site of an aadent town. (Ha- milton, Ruearchee^ &c. vol. iL p. 1 65.) On some eotns found there we read Eviuvi^w *Axomp, which seems to allude to the destruction of Corinth, at wfaieh troops of Attalus were present. The district of the town bore the name JEumenetica Regio, mentioned by Pliny (2. c). (Comp. Franz, Fun/ Inechriften iLjun/Stadte in Klematien, p. 10, foil) [L.S.J COnr OF EUMENEIA. EUONYMITAE (^tmyvfihcu, PtoL iv. 7. § 33; Steph. B. p. 288, s. v. ; Agathemer. Geogr. Afna. ii. 5; Plin. vL 35. § 29). Of these people, and of the district oocniMed by them, the accounts in the ancient geographers are conflicting. One fact alone concerning them seems ascertained, that thcj dwelt, as their name imports, on the west or Uft bank of the Kile. Stephanns of Byzantium says that the Euonymitae were an Egyptian people situ- ated on the borders of Aethbpia; AgatLemerua places them above the Second Cataract ; while Pliny, on the authority of Nero's surveyors (exploratores), describes tliem as livmg on the northern fix»itier of Aethiopia near the island Gagaudes. Herodotus, however (ii. 30), says that the Autumoli, or that portion of the war-caste of Egypt which abandoned its country in the reign of Psammetichus, were called Asmach, and that this word signifies in the Coptic language those whose station is on the king's le/i hand. Diudoms (i. 67), indeed, ascribes the de- sertion of the warriora to then' anger at having been transferred by Psammetichus, during an invasion of Syria, from the right wing of the Egyptian army, their hereditary post, to the left. If these ety- mologies can be at all relied upon, it seems not un- likely that the Euonymitae were permitted by the king of Aethiopia to settle in a district borderin|r both on Egypt and Merue, in which position they might be serviceable to their adopted country in its wars with the Pharaohs of Memphis. [W. B. D.] EUPAGIUM (Evirayioi'), a town in the roonn- tunous district of Acroreia in Elis, of unknown site. (Diod. xiv. 17.) EUPA'LIUM (Einrikiotf, Strab., Thuc; in some edits, of Thuc. written Evit6»ov; Enpalium, Liv.* EinraXiaf Steph. B. a. v. ; Eupalia, Plin. iv. 3. s. 4: £th, E^oAicvs), one of the chief towns of Western Locris, situated near the sea, and between Naupactus and Oeantheia. (Strab. ix. p. 427, x. p. 450.) It was the pUce chosen by Demosthenes for the de-